2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Costa_Rica_2021_country_profile_10页_336kb

报告摘要

Costa Rica Country Profile Summary

Overview

Costa Rica is a middle-income nation that ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2008. The country reported high compliance with MPOWER measures, particularly in taxation and package warnings, but with ongoing challenges in affordability and cessation services. Affordability of cigarettes decreased from 2010 to 2020.

Monitoring and Surveillance

Costa Rica has nationally representative surveys (GATS for adults 2015, GYTS for adolescents 2013). In 2019, tobacco use prevalence was: 15.0% among males, 4.9% among females, and 9.9% overall.

Smoke-Free Environments

Complete protections exist in workplaces, public transport, offices, cafes, restaurants, indoor facilities, and bars. No subnational jurisdictions affect smoke-free policies. Compliance score for bans was 5.

Cessation Programs

Treatment for tobacco dependence is available through government facilities, educational institutions, and healthcare settings. National health insurance partially covers NRT, but compliance reached 9 for some elements.

Health Warnings

Packages must have health warnings covering 50% of display areas, with rotating messages, photographs, and multilingual text. Compliance with the ban was full for all aspects evaluated.

Mass Media Campaigns

The 2018-2020 anti-tobacco campaign was national, aired on TV and radio, tested with audiences, evaluated for impact, and part of a comprehensive government program.

Advertising Bans

Direct advertising is banned nationally for TV, radio, print, billboards, and point-of-sale. Indirect promotions are restricted, with a full ban on sponsorship and corporate social responsibility activities by the tobacco industry.

Taxation and Affordability

Cigarettes have high taxes, with total taxes comprising 53.62% of retail price, making affordability moderate-low (3.26% of GDP per capita for 100 packs). Prices decreased in 2020, indicated by rising GDP required for purchase.