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Synthesis Note Summary: Preparing the Workforce for the Green Transition in South Africa

Introduction and Global Context
South Africa's green transition involves significant changes in the workforce, with both new job opportunities and potential losses, especially in high-carbon industries. A net job creation is projected, but there are skill gaps and mismatches. Strategies to address these include promoting skills development, particularly for the Just Energy Transition (JET), which focuses on post-school education and training (PSET), higher education, TVET, and adult training. Decarbonization benefits competitiveness and requires adaptation in value chains and supply chain adjustments due to mechanisms like the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.

The Green Transition in South Africa
South Africa has ambitious JET goals, including reducing emissions and fostering a low-carbon economy. Despite commitments, progress is hampered by challenges such as delayed coal mine closures, minimal use of concessional finance, political opposition, weak institutional capacity, and persistent electricity crises. Initiatives like Toyota's hybrid vehicle investment under the COEGA Development Cooperation demonstrate progress, but renewable energy transitions are still slow.

Impact on Labor and Skills Demand
The green transition is expected to create around 1 million net jobs across 11 industries by 2050. Workers at risk include those in industries with high emissions and coal. Skill demand includes transversal skills (literacy, numeracy, digital skills), generic technical skills, and green-specific skills. Green jobs typically pay better and involve less environmental impact. STEM fields face increased demand, and women are underrepresented in these roles. Skill needs are fragmented, poorly analyzed, and inconsistently communicated through tools like the OFO system.

The PSET System's Ability to Respond
The PSET system lacks institutional capacity, with university absences in STEM fields like engineering and TVET's inertia are key challenges. Existing qualifications might require adjustments to incorporate green-specific skills, potentially involving new programs. Lack of high-quality, forward-looking skill needs information overcoordinates efforts, and coordination across value chains is weak, involving both economic and social aspects through strong coordination mechanisms. The low enrolment in TVET and university dropouts exacerbate the skills shortage in green sectors.

Five Strategies for Preparing the Workforce

1. Regularly Collect and Disseminate Skill Needs Data: Ensure SSPs comprehensively cover green skills and use a database similar to the OFO.
2. Establish Clear Coordination Mechanisms: Champion forums to coordinate green skill demand and supply, while removing structural constraints.
3. Targeted Skills Interventions: Prioritize areas or regions with green momentum and design actions for workers or regions at higher risk.
4. Promote Collaboration Between PSET Providers and Industry: Create industry-academia partnerships and encourage research uptake.
5. Support At-Risk Workers, Women, and Vulnerable Populations: Offer retraining, social support programs, and remove barriers that prevent women from entering the green workforce.

World Bank's Role
The World Bank integrates skills development into broader green transition roadmaps, supporting at-risk workers in economic transformation plans and designing workforce readiness tools to expand into key green value chains like battery storage.

Annotated References
Skills-related contents referred to in the analysis, including ongoing strategies to build knowledge and skills for the green transition in emerging economies.