2023-10-31-世界卫生组织-Ad-hoc_Joint_FAO_WHO_Expert_consultation_on_risks_and_benefits_of_fish_consumption_9页_313kb

Summary of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption (October 2023)

Background and Objectives

• Scope: Reviewed recent scientific evidence on the health benefits (nutrients, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and risks (methylmercury (MeHg), dioxins, dl-PCBs) associated with fish consumption.
• Objectives:
  1. Examine results from systematic literature reviews.
  2. Draw conclusions on health benefits and risks.
  3. Recommend steps for assessing and managing risks/benefits.

Key Conclusions

1. Health Benefits:

   • Fish consumption provides essential nutrients, supports cultural traditions, and benefits health across life stages (pregnancy, childhood, adulthood).
   • Evidence supports benefits for cardiovascular health, neurodevelopment, and reduced mortality.

2. Risks and Mitigation:

   • Dioxins and dl-PCBs: Insufficient data from general populations; industrial contamination is a key driver.
   • MeHg: Limited evidence of adverse effects in adults but unclear in children; Se status may modify risk.
   • Other Contaminants: Challenges in assessing non-target contaminants (PFAS, PBDEs, non-dioxin-like PCBs).

3. Regional Variations:

   • Risk-benefit assessments at regional/national levels are needed to tailor recommendations based on local consumption patterns and contamination levels.

Data Gaps and Research Needs

1. Data Deficiencies:

   • Limited data on dioxin-related health outcomes (e.g., semen quality) and other contaminants.
   • Inconsistencies in contaminant and nutrient monitoring across regions.

2. Future Research:

   • Strengthen dose-response studies and explore the impact of food processing on bioavailability.
   • Investigate species-specific differences and interactions with overall diet and genetics.

Recommendations

1. Policy Actions:

   • Collect standardized data on fish contaminants and nutrients.
   • Develop risk analysis strategies that balance benefits and risks.
   • Include planetary health considerations (e.g., SDGs) in assessments.

2. Public Health Guidance:

   • Tailor recommendations to populations based on local data and life stage.
   • Emphasize the nutritional value of fish while addressing contamination concerns.

References

• FAO/WHO (2011), (2021)
• EFSA Reports (e.g., CONTAM 2012, 2018)
• Norwegian Scientific Committee (2022)

Annex 1: List of Experts and Resource Persons