2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Russian_Federation_2021_country_profile_10页_339kb

Russian Federation MPOWER Compliance Summary (WHO 2021 Report)

• Monitoring: Moderate level. Nationally representative periodic surveys exist for adults and adolescents covering recent years (up to 2019/2016), providing data on current daily tobacco smoking prevalence. WHO age-standardized estimates are also available for 2019.

• Smoke-free Environments: Complete smoke-free legislation exists, prohibiting smoking in offices, restaurants, cafés, bars, public transport, and public places without any designated smoking areas.

• Cessation Programmes: Moderate level. A national quit line is available. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is available without a prescription at educational facilities (#6), pharmacies (#8, #10). Healthcare facilities cover cessation support in some cases (#9). NRT and cessation services are not fully cost-covered.

• Health Warnings: Medium size warnings are mandated, covering 50% of the principal display area on cigarette packs. The warnings include:

  • Graphical or photographic elements.
  • The required statement "tobacco smoke is dangerous to your health".
  • The quit line number is optional.
  • Health warnings are not obscured.

• Mass Media: A national anti-tobacco campaign ("For Life") was conducted in 2018/2019, airing on TV/Radio. Pre-campaign research, gap monitoring, evaluation, and utilized diverse media placements occurred. Campaign was linked to a structured program.

• Advertising Bans: High compliance for direct advertising bans (score: 9). Bans cover all TV/Radio (national/international/local), print advertising (magazines/newspapers), outdoor advertising, and point-of-sale advertising. No plain packaging.

  • Indirect promotion bans score low to moderate (score: 6).
  • Strong enforcement with fines for violations.

• Taxation: High tax burden (over 56% of the most sold cigarette retail price). Cigarettes become increasingly less affordable between 2010 and 2020 compared to some comparator nations, likely due to higher GDP required to buy 100 packs.

Key Challenges: High prevalence of tobacco use (particularly among males), inconsistent and limited access to cost-covered cessation treatment and services, increasing affordability gap for cigarettes, and low score for indirect promotion bans.