2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Eswatini_2页_69kb

Swaziland STEPS Survey 2007 Summary

Overview

• Conducted from October 2007 to November 2007.
• Assessed chronic disease risk factors via three steps (Socio-demographic/behavioral, physical measurements, biochemical measurements).
• Target population: Adults aged 25-64.
• Methodology: Stratified multi-stage sampling design.
• Sample size: 1,302 adults; response rate: 87%.
• Planned repeat survey in 2012 if funds available.

Step 1 Findings

Tobacco Use

• Percentage of current smokers: Males 12.9%, Females 2.2%.
• Percentage of daily smokers: Males 11.1%, Females 1.5%.

Alcohol Consumption

• Percentage of abstainers (no alcohol last year): Males 74.6%, Females 94.1%.
• Percentage of current drinkers (alcohol past 30 days): Males 20.1%, Females 4.6%.
• Binge drinking prevalence: High among users.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

• Mean daily servings: Fruit ~1.1, Vegetables ~1.4.
• Percentage consuming <5 combined servings/day: High (~87-89%).

Physical Activity

• Percentage with low activity (<600 MET-min/week): Males 26.2%, Females 38.9%.
• Percentage with high activity (>=3000 MET-min/week): Males 61.4%, Females 46.4%.

Step 2 Findings

Physical Measurements

• Mean BMI: 26.7 (Both Sexes), 24.8 (Males), 28.4 (Females).
• Overweight prevalence (BMI >= 25): Males 38.2%, Females 65.4%.
• Obesity prevalence (BMI >= 30): Males 13.6%, Females 33.5%.
• Average waist circumference: ~82 cm.
• Hypertension prevalence: High, defined as raised BP or on medication.

Step 3 Findings

Biochemical Measurements

• Mean fasting blood glucose: Males 4.2, Females 4.3 mmol/L.
• Prevalence of impaired/raised fasting glycaemia: Low-M/High, e.g., overall impaired >=6.1 mmol/L capillary value: ~3% Males, ~4-5% Females.
• Raised blood glucose prevalence: ~14-16%.
• Mean total cholesterol: ~3.4 mmol/L.
• Raised cholesterol prevalence (>=5.0 mmol/L): Males 3.8%, Females 7.4%.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Percentage with none of the key risk factors: 35.5% (25-64 years).
• Percentage with at least three risk factors by age:
  • 25-44: High prevalence (~23.7-35.8%).
  • 45-64: Very high prevalence (~32.0-53.2%).
  • Overall: ~42.4% (25-64).