中国碳达峰碳中和政策与行动（2023）（英）-49页_23mb

Summary of China's Policies and Actions on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

Core Content

China has committed to achieving carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, as announced by President Xi Jinping in 2020. This dual carbon pledge is a strategic decision aimed at addressing climate change, fulfilling international obligations, and driving high-quality development. The country has established a comprehensive and coordinated "1+N" policy framework to guide the implementation of these goals across all sectors and regions.

Main Objectives and Targets

Policy Framework

National Level

• The "Guidelines" and "Plan" provide a clear timetable and roadmap for achieving the dual carbon goals.
• The "1+N" policy system includes a high-level design ("1") and sector-specific and industry-specific plans ("N").
• The framework emphasizes the integration of carbon peaking into all aspects of economic and social development.

Ministry Level

• Key ministries such as the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and others have outlined strategies and measures for carbon peaking in various sectors.
• A series of policy documents have been released to support the implementation of dual carbon goals, covering areas like energy, industry, transportation, and green finance.

Local Level

• All provinces and municipalities have developed localized carbon peaking action plans tailored to their specific conditions.
• Some regions, like Liaoning and Shandong, have set more ambitious targets than the national average.
• Regional plans are aligned with national strategies and include initiatives for green development, energy efficiency, and carbon sequestration.

Enterprise Level

• State-owned enterprises are required to develop customized carbon peaking action plans.
• Private enterprises are encouraged to participate in carbon emissions trading and energy rights trading.
• A number of enterprises have actively formulated plans to support the dual carbon goals, focusing on technological innovation, energy optimization, and carbon reduction.

Progress and Achievements

• China has achieved a historic milestone with renewable energy capacity accounting for 48.8% of total installed capacity by June 2023, surpassing coal.
• The country has refrained from constructing new coal-fired power projects abroad and has established the China Climate Change South-South Cooperation Fund with a commitment of 20 billion RMB.
• Significant efforts have been made in clean energy transition, green manufacturing, low-carbon transportation, circular economy, and ecosystem carbon sequestration.

Key Areas and Industries

Key Areas

• Energy: Vigorous development of non-fossil energy, clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, and building a new power system with increased renewable energy.
• Industry: Optimizing industrial structure, promoting energy efficiency, and strengthening green manufacturing.
• Transportation: Optimizing infrastructure, promoting low-carbon vehicles, and constructing green transportation systems.
• Urban and Rural Construction: Developing green and low-carbon cities, buildings, and rural energy transformation.
• Agriculture and Rural Areas: Promoting clean energy, optimizing agricultural structures, and applying low-carbon technologies.
• Recycling Economy: Waste material recycling, industrial waste utilization, and plastic pollution control.
• Ecological Carbon Sink: Ecological protection, afforestation, and carbon sequestration mechanisms.
• Action for All: Public institutions' energy conservation, corporate carbon reduction, and public participation in green consumption.
• Pollution and Carbon Reduction: Collaborative source control, environmental governance, and management innovation.

Key Industries

• Steel: Supply-side reform, process optimization, and green technology development.
• Construction Materials: Volume control, raw material replacement, and energy structure transformation.
• Petrochemicals and Chemical Industry: Increasing low-carbon raw material use and promoting green technology.
• Non-Ferrous Metals: Optimizing smelting capacity, upgrading industry structure, and clean energy alternatives.

Support and Guarantee Mechanisms

• Legal Framework: Revising relevant laws and accelerating the formulation of comprehensive climate change regulations.
• Financial and Fiscal Measures: Increasing government financial support, expanding green procurement, and implementing tax incentives.
• Market Mechanisms: Establishing and improving carbon emissions trading systems and providing guidance for green electricity trading.
• Technological Innovation: Strengthening R&D, application demonstrations, and talent development in green and low-carbon technologies.
• International Cooperation: Participating in global climate governance, enhancing cooperation in energy and low-carbon technology, and promoting green finance and standards.

Future Expectations

China is expected to continue advancing its "dual carbon" goals through systematic policy implementation, technological innovation, and regional coordination. The country will focus on improving the efficiency of emissions reduction, enhancing carbon sequestration capacity, and fostering international collaboration to support global climate action.

References

• IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (2023)
• Various policy documents from the end of 2023 and early 2024
• Implementation plans from provinces and enterprises
• Reports and declarations from key industry associations and corporate leaders