2024-08-12-世界银行-乌兹别克斯坦气候适应和恢复能力评估（英）_75页_5mb

Foundations for rapid, robust, and inclusive growth:

• Key Findings: Uzbekistan has shown progress in inclusive economic growth but faces challenges in macroeconomic stability and structural transformation. GDP growth remains stable, but high inflation and public debt pose risks to long-term development.
• Priority Actions: Prioritize macroeconomic stability (inflation, external debt), accelerate human capital investments (education, healthcare), extend universal health coverage to rural areas, and promote diversification away from climate-vulnerable sectors.

Facilitate the adaptation of people and firms:

• Key Findings: Efforts to enhance early warnings and disaster risk management are underway, but gaps exist in access to finance, insurance, and climate information. Social protection coverage is limited.
• Priority Actions: Scale up insurance penetration for vulnerable populations, improve access to financial services for the poor, develop business continuity plans for firms, and enhance social protection systems to respond to shocks.

Adapt land use plans and protect critical public assets and services:

• Key Findings: Land use planning is outdated, and critical infrastructures (e.g., energy, water) require modernization to adapt to climate risks. Agriculture and water management are particularly vulnerable.
• Priority Actions: Revise land use plans with risk-informed approaches, invest in water-saving technologies, develop high-resolution climate adaptation strategies for agriculture, and mainstream climate resilience into urban planning.

Help firms and people manage residual risks and natural disasters:

• Key Findings: Uzbekistan has low insurance coverage and fragmented early warning systems. Financial losses from disasters affect businesses and households significantly.
• Priority Actions: Strengthen early warning systems, scale up non-life insurance, build sub-national disaster response capacity, and enhance business continuity planning with financial preparedness.

Manage financial and macro-fiscal issues:

• Key Findings: Civilian and fiscal risks from climate change are not fully integrated into fiscal policies, limiting effective adaptation and resilience financing.
• Priority Actions: Develop a national climate risk financial strategy, integrate contingent liabilities into budget planning, enhance national contingency funds, and require large firms to disclose climate risks in financial disclosures.

Application: Prioritization, implementation, and progress monitoring:

• Key Findings: Gaps persist in institutional coordination, sectoral strategy integration, and monitoring adaptation progress. Civil society and private sector engagement is limited.
• Priority Actions: Establish an overarching climate policy framework, set concrete sector-level targets, allocate adequate funding, integrate climate adaptation into all public policies, and strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems.