2024-09-17-世界银行-公共信贷计划能否改善小企业的融资渠道_来自印度尼西亚的证据(英)_35页_875kb
报告摘要
印尼公共信贷计划KUR("人民商业信贷")分析表明,该计划确实通过补贴利率成功提高了中小企业首次融资可及性,约61%的借款者之前从未获得过贷款。然而,该计划并未显著促进借款人向商业信贷过渡,仅约3%的借款者实现了这一转换。研究还发现,KUR的实施存在若干问题,包括抵押品要求过高(实际抵押品价值是贷款额的4.4倍),这限制了其包容性并加剧了性别融资差异。
政策启示:
- 税收减免计划旨在减轻员工薪酬税负,但实际办理仍有诸多难点,如资料准备复杂、银行界支持力度不足、员工对个人申报信心不足,多数企业放弃申请。建议简化流程、加强银行宣传与培训,同时提升企业雇员对个人所得税合规性的认知。
- KUR计划虽有效增加首次融资,但未能成功过渡至商业信贷。近年印尼政府为鼓励“毕业”而上调利率的规定可能导致使用率下降。建议在收集更多实证数据和进行成本收益权衡分析后,进一步完善政策设计。
Towards optimizing pension plans in Indonesia, researchers analyzed the impact of income-based tax reductions on small and micro enterprises. Up to now, the existing programs face significant barriers in adoption, potentially due to information gaps and administrative burdens. Further steps are needed to align policy implementation with empirical evidence.
Appendix details the significant collateral requirements that impact inclusivity, particularly women. The analysis may assist policymakers in refining these support schemes for better alignment with intended goals of financial inclusion and consumer protection.
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