2009-12-31-世界卫生组织-2010_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Gambia_2页_65kb

Summary of The Gambia STEPS Survey 2010

Survey Overview

The STEP study was conducted in The Gambia from January to March 2010, focusing on chronic disease risk factors. It included two main steps: Step 1 collected socio-demographic and behavioral data, and Step 2 involved physical measurements. The survey targeted adults aged 25-64 years using probability proportional to size sampling, with a target sample size of 5,280 and an actual participation of 4,111, resulting in an overall response rate of 77.9%.

Key Findings from Step 1: Behavioral Risk Factors

• Tobacco Use: Smoking prevalence was low overall, at 15.6%, with higher rates in males (31.3%) and very low in females (1.0%). Daily smoking was reported by 15.6% of respondents, with an average smoking start age of 19.8 years and a majority (91.5-94.3%) using manufactured cigarettes.
• Alcohol Consumption: Lifetime abstention was widespread, at 97.4% overall, with similar high abstention rates across both sexes. Current drinking was low, at 1.0-1.8%, and heavy episodic drinking was rare, affecting 0.3-0.8% of the population.
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Average consumption was low, with participants eating fruits on about 3-3.4 days per week and vegetables on 4.6-5.1 days per week, yielding servings per day of 1.0-1.5 for fruit and 1.3-1.7 for vegetables. Over 93% consumed fewer than 5 servings per day.
• Physical Activity: Activity levels were generally low, with 22.6-26.5% engaged in low activity (<600 MET-minutes/week), and average daily activity time ranging from 30 to 317 minutes. High activity was reported by 59.2-64.3% for males and females combined.

Key Findings from Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Average BMI was 23.6-25.1, with overweight (BMI ≥25) affecting 33.7-45.3% and obesity (BMI ≥30) at 7.9-16.5%. Waist circumference averaged 69.3-79.2 cm.
• Blood pressure was elevated in 26.1-29.2%, including those on medication. Among untreated, 26.4-29.8% had raised BP (≥140/90 mmHg).

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Key risk factors included current daily smoking, low fruit/vegetable intake (<5 servings/day), and raised blood pressure (adjusted for medication). A small percentage (1.6-3.1%) had no risk factors, while about 12-39.8% had three or more, varying by age group (youngest: 17.6-23.7%, oldest: 35.0-49.1%).

Overall, the survey indicated poor behavioral and physical health indicators among adults in The Gambia.