2009-12-31-世界卫生组织-2010-2011_STEPS_Country_Report_Grenada_56页_1mb

WHO STEPS Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance in Grenada

Introduction & Background

• Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are leading causes of morbidity/mortality in Grenada (50.3% of deaths).
• Key challenges: Limited baseline data on risk factors, poor data coordination, and weak infrastructure.

Study Methodology

• Framework: Three-step STEPS (Behavioral, Physical, Biochemical) survey.
• Sample Size: 1,736 households (response rate: ~65%, 1,129 respondents).
• Duration: December 2010 to March 2011.
• Data Collection: Handheld computers, face-to-face interviews, physical measurements (BMI, BP), no biochemical testing conducted due to resource constraints.

Key Findings

Population Demographics

• Sex & Age: 40.7% male, 59.3% female; majority aged 25–34.
• Education: Average 10 years of schooling; lower education linked to older age groups.

Behavioral Risk Factors

• Tobacco Use: 19% current users (30.7% male, 6.5% female); high exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (21.4% at work).
• Alcohol Consumption: 50% current drinkers; 38.2% reported risky episodic drinking (>5 drinks/men); mean daily intake higher in men (6.5 glasses).

Diet & Physical Activity

• Fruit/Vegetable: Average 2.2 fruit and 1.5 vegetable servings/day (less than WHO recommendations); 72–79% consumed <5 servings.
• Physical Activity: 49% had high activity levels; women significantly less active (61% men vs. 36% women); sedentary behavior high among young adults.

Key Metrics

• Obesity: 68% women vs. 48% men overweight/obese (BMI ≥25).
• Hypertension: 36% (men) and 22% (women) had SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 (uncontrolled or undiagnosed); 17–23% on medication had uncontrolled BP.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• 1 vs. 2 risk factors: ~61% population.
• 3–5 risk factors: ~35%; 3.7% had none.

Policy Recommendations

• Enforce smoke-free public spaces.
• Promote school-based nutrition/physical activity programs.
• Increase public education on healthy lifestyle choices.
• Strengthen workplace health promotion efforts.

References & Dissemination

• Data to inform policy, establish surveillance system, and guide future multi-country studies.
• Coordinated by the Caribbean Epidemiological Centre (CAREC) and supported by WHO resources.