2025-06-16-世界银行-国家碳市场导航指南（英）_143页_4mb

Summary of Country Guidance for Navigating Carbon Markets

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive guide for host countries on how to navigate and engage with international carbon markets. It is a collaborative effort between multiple international organizations, including the World Bank, the Paris Agreement Article 6 Implementation Partnership (A6IP), the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI).

The guide is structured into seven modules, each addressing specific aspects of carbon market participation, such as whether to participate, how to authorize and price credits, and how to manage risks and ensure integrity. It aims to support countries in making informed, strategic decisions while considering both the benefits and challenges of engaging in international carbon markets.

Main Points

Advantages of Engaging as a Host Country

• Financing for Climate Action: International carbon markets can mobilize critical public and private financing for sustainable development and climate mitigation.
• Development Co-benefits: Activities generating credits can deliver co-benefits such as job creation, ecosystem conservation, and improved air quality.
• Revenue Generation: Credits can generate revenues that are reinvested into local communities to support development goals.
• Meeting NDCs and LT-LEDS: Credits can help countries meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategies (LT-LEDS) more efficiently and flexibly.

Disadvantages of Engaging as a Host Country

• Complexity and Uncertainty: The international carbon market landscape is complex, with varying mechanisms, rules, and buyer preferences.
• Risk of Overselling: There is a risk of overselling credits, which can undermine market integrity and trust.
• Reputational Risks: Selling unauthorized credits may lead to reputational risks for host countries.
• Need for Technical Capacity: Countries require strong institutional and technical capacity to effectively manage and participate in carbon markets.

Preparation for Participation

• Assessment of Readiness: Countries should assess their readiness, including legal, institutional, and technical frameworks.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with local communities, indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders to ensure social value and environmental integrity.
• Policy Alignment: Align participation with national climate and development strategies, including NDCs and LT-LEDS.
• Capacity Building: Invest in capacity building and technical assistance to develop a coherent strategy and operational framework.

Key Modules and Questions

Module 1: Participation Decision

• Question 1.1: Evaluates the pros and cons of host country participation and outlines preparation steps.

Module 2: Authorization and Pricing of Credits

• Question 2.1: Guides on selecting activities that can generate authorized credits.
• Question 2.2: Discusses pricing strategies for authorized credits.
• Question 2.3: Addresses managing overselling risks through robust mechanisms.

Module 3: Generation and Transfer of Authorized Credits

• Question 3.1: Explores the government's role in generating and owning credits.
• Question 3.2: Identifies which Article 6 mechanisms can be used for credit generation.
• Question 3.3: Reviews various crediting approaches.
• Question 3.4: Advises whether to adopt national or international mechanisms.
• Question 3.5: Examines how to influence buyer selection.
• Question 3.6: Outlines the necessary infrastructure for credit authorization.
• Question 3.7: Considers the use of OMGE/SOP contributions.
• Question 3.8: Provides guidance on calculating corresponding adjustments.

Module 4: Non-Authorized Credits

• Question 4.1: Explores whether to use non-authorized credits domestically or sell them internationally.

Module 5: Unauthorized Credits

• Question 5.1: Examines the government's role in generating unauthorized credits.
• Question 5.2: Considers the use of the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM) for unauthorized credits.
• Question 5.3: Reviews crediting approaches for unauthorized credits.
• Question 5.4: Advises on the choice between national and international mechanisms.
• Question 5.5: Discusses mitigating reputational risks from selling unauthorized credits.

Module 6: Domestic Use of Credits

• Question 6.1: Evaluates the use of national versus international crediting mechanisms.
• Question 6.2: Considers whether to use PACM or independent mechanisms within domestic CPIs.
• Question 6.3: Identifies quantitative and qualitative limits on domestic credit use.

Module 7: Cross-Cutting Issues

• Question 7.1: Suggests institutional and regulatory arrangements.
• Question 7.2: Discusses financial integrity support for carbon markets.
• Question 7.3: Highlights ensuring high social and environmental standards.
• Question 7.4: Explores surplus revenue use from carbon market activities.
• Question 7.5: Provides methods for measuring the effectiveness of carbon market strategies.

Key Considerations

• Market Integrity: Ensuring high integrity and transparency is critical for market credibility and trust.
• Institutional Setup: Countries must establish appropriate institutions and regulatory frameworks to support carbon market activities.
• Stakeholder Involvement: Involving local communities and indigenous peoples through Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) is essential for social legitimacy.
• Alignment with National Strategies: Carbon market participation should be aligned with national climate goals and sustainable development strategies.
• Compliance and Voluntary Markets: The distinction between compliance and voluntary markets is blurring, with increasing interest in authorized credits across both sectors.
• Continual Learning and Adaptation: The market is rapidly evolving, and host countries should remain adaptable and continue learning from market developments.

Conclusion

This document serves as a strategic and technical guide for countries considering participation in international carbon markets. It provides non-prescriptive support for decision-making and encourages a harmonized, inclusive, and transparent approach to carbon market engagement. The guide is intended to be a starting point, with ongoing updates and complementary efforts to ensure countries can effectively navigate the complexities of international carbon markets.