2025-06-03-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Bolivia_Plurinational_State_of_2025_country_profile_4页_270kb

报告摘要

Bolivia Health and Environment Scorecard Summary

Overall Summary Score: 39/100, indicating moderate progress but significant room for improvement in health and environmental outcomes.
Key Scores:
- Exposure Score: 34/100 (low, reflecting high vulnerability to environmental risks such as air pollution and climate change).
- Health Score: 64/100 (medium, partly supported by data on health outcomes like deaths from stroke and water-related diseases).
- Policy Score: 18/100 (low, showing insufficient governmental actions on environmental and health policies).
  Scores are simple averages out of 100.
Main Areas of Focus:
- Air Pollution: Not compliant with WHO guidelines for PM2.5; high deaths from stroke and ischemic heart disease related to air quality.
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH): 75-94% of urban and rural populations lack safe drinking water and sanitation; high rates of diarrheal deaths from unsafe water.
- Climate Change: High vulnerability for the 65+ age group under high-emissions scenarios; no recent national adaptation plans, with insufficient data on climate resilience.
- Chemicals and Radiation: Minamata Convention on Mercury is joined; radiation risks low, but no regulations for lead paint or artificial tanning devices; chemical poisoning deaths exist.
- Occupational Health: High informal employment (84% of working age); lack of national policies and services for occupational risks.
- Biodiversity: 31% of terrestrial and marine areas protected; insufficient data for tracking progress against global targets.
- Health Care Facilities: Some standards met for waste management and electrification, but limited climate assessments and basic services in many facilities.
Summary Insights:
- Strengths: Moderate health outcomes and some international commitments (e.g., Minamata Convention).
- Weaknesses: Low environmental and policy scores highlight urgent needs for stricter regulations, better implementation of health plans, and enhanced climate actions. Insufficient data in several areas limits comprehensive assessment.