2025-01-01-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Bolivia_2024_country_profile_3页_180kb

Bolivia Health and Environment Scorecard Summary

Air Pollution

• High health impacts from air pollution, such as strokes and ischemic heart disease, with PM2.5 levels exceeding WHO guidelines.
• Bolivia lacks compliance with WHO air quality standards, and data is insufficient; only 0% of the population have access to clean fuels for cooking, though policies exist but require implementation.
• High risks for air-related diseases, with no national policies fully operationalized.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

• High percentage (61%) of the population lack safe drinking water and sanitation, leading to risks for waterborne diseases.
• Viral load for WASH implementation is 84%, indicating partial progress but insufficient funding and policy gaps.
• 25% of healthcare facilities lack basic water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management services.

Health Care Facilities

• Inadequate services in healthcare settings, with many facilities lacking reliable electricity supply (5%).
• No climate resilience or sustainability assessments conducted.

Climate Change

• High emissions from fossil fuels, contributing to vulnerability with uncommitted net-zero plans.
• No national adaptation assessments or climate health commitments; data insufficient for climate-related health risks.

Biodiversity

• Goals not met for protected areas and forest conservation; changes in forest area (-12% since 1990) are significant, but no national biodiversity strategy submitted post-COP15.

Chemicals and Radiation

• High blood lead levels in children and risks from mercury; limited policies for lead paint and mercury control.
• International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity low for chemical and radiation emergencies, with insufficient data on regulations and monitoring.

Occupational Health and Safety

• High rates of work-related diseases and injuries; only 18% of labor conventions ratified compared to regional averages.
• No formal occupational health services or frameworks for health workers.

Cross-Cutting Issues

• Key areas have insufficient data or no policies, particularly in climate vulnerability assessments and sustainable health systems. Bolivia ranks low in international comparisons for many indicators, highlighting priorities for improvement in health and environmental protection.