2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Bolivia_Plurinational_State_of_2022_country_profile_2页_224kb

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Health and Environment Scorecard Summary

Air Pollution

• PM2.5 Concentration: Annual mean is 27 μg/m³ (exceeds WHO guideline of 5 μg/m³).
• Health Impact: 21% of premature deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke caused by air pollution.
• Policies: Existence of legal standards for PM2.5.
• Compliance: Not compliant with WHO Air Quality Guidelines.

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)

• Access: No data available.
• Percentage of Dismissed Needs: <50% of the population lack access to safe drinking water, and <50% lack safe sanitation.
• Financial Resources: No data on financial resources for implementation of WASH plans.

Climate Change

• National Strategy: Existence of a national health and climate change plan or strategy: Not available. No data on specific estimations.
• Future Risk: High emissions scenario (RCP8.5) indicates more intense heat days (top 10% warmest days) between 2050–2059 compared to the average period of 1961–1990.

Chemicals

• Lead Paint: No data on legal limits.
• Poison Centres: No operational poison centre.
• IHR Score for Chemical Events: No data available. Bolivia ranks 30th out of 33 countries in the region for core capacity.

Radiation

• CHER Score: No data available.
• Radiation Exposure: No reliable data for health impact from radiation.
• Regulation: No data; electrification devices/sun beds are regulated.

Occupational Health

• Working Age Deaths: 85% of the working population (20 per 100,000 people) die from work-related diseases.
• Health Services: Existence of programmes for health worker occupational health and safety. Limited resources and coverage.
• Informal Employment: High informal employment (28% of total employment). Occupational safety and health frameworks are ranked low (24/33 countries). National performance is 18%.

Conclusion
The data indicates significant issues in multiple aspects of health and environment. High levels of PM₂.₅ pollution, lack of accessible water and sanitation, no specific national strategy for climate change, and insufficient responses to chemical and radiation risks highlight the need for comprehensive policy improvements and better monitoring. Only airborne pollution showed some policy presence but was not in compliance with guidelines.