2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Montenegro_2022_country_profile_2页_174kb

Montenegro Health and Environment Scorecard Summary

Air Pollution

• Compliance with WHO guidelines for PM2.5 is at 38%, indicating partial adherence.
• Attributed deaths from air pollution, including stroke and ischemic heart disease, are noted but not fully quantified.
• Financial resources for implementation are low, at 15% of what is needed.
• Existence of policies for PM2.5 standards is confirmed, but no data on household clean fuels.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

• 50-75% of the population lacks access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation, with only 55% of requirements met.
• Financial resources available are 15% of what is needed for implementation of national plans.
• Deaths from diarrheal diseases caused by unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene are high.

Chemicals

• WHO International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity score for chemical emergencies is below 40%.
• Montenegro is party to the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
• Existence of a poison center is not documented; data on lead paint regulations is missing.

Radiation

• IHR capacity for radiation emergencies is not available due to NO DATA as reported by key informants.

Climate Change

• No national health and climate change plan or strategy exists.
• Climate change projections show an increase in hot days by 2050 compared to 1961-1990 under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5).

Occupational Health

• Limited data on occupational risks and financial resources; ILO conventions ratified, but gaps noted in workforce exposure.
• Deaths from occupational diseases and injuries are not quantified, with no detailed policy information.

References

• Primary sources: WHO, UNEP, ILOSTAT, IHME, UNICEF, and various standard reports.