2025-06-03-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Cuba_2025_country_profile_4页_270kb

Health and Environment Scorecard Summary: Cuba

Overall Score

• Summary Score: 62 / 100

Health Score

• 67 / 100
  • Air pollution exposure contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease mortality, with levels exceeding recommended guidelines.
  • High standard for lead paint limits.
  • Robust national adaptation plan for climate change.
  • Good international health regulations capacity.

Exposure Score

• 52 / 100
  • Limited progress in reducing population exposure to household air pollution.
  • Poor access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation in both urban and rural areas, leading to high diarrheal disease incidence.
  • Insufficient data on health care facility climate resilience and management without reliable electricity.

Policy Score

• 68 / 100
  • National policy on household fuels and technologies exists.
  • National chemical regulations for poison control and mercury limits are in place.
  • Awareness of climate change health vulnerability assessed; high commitment and specific health-related NDC targets set, including a low-carbon health system commitment and a national adaptation plan.
  • Occupational health and safety policies implemented in specific regions.

Key Findings & Challenges

• Strengths: Effective in health response systems, chemical controls, climate change adaptation planning, national mercury regulation, and lead poisoning standards.
• Challenges: Air quality remains poor with significant health impacts; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) coverage is insufficient, particularly outside major centers; weak implementation of policies for air pollution and household energy improvement; inadequate climate change adaptation measures for vulnerable populations.

Summary

Cuba demonstrates moderate-to-good performance in overall health indicators and specific policy responses (e.g., lead regulation, climate adaptation). However, the country faces significant challenges in reducing population exposure to poor air quality, ensuring adequate and safe drinking water and sanitation for its entire population, and effectively managing household air pollution exposure.