2023-02-14-亚开行-在印度尼西亚实现可持续和高效的能源转型_电力部门重组路线图（英）_53页_510kb

Summary of "Achieving a Sustainable and Efficient Energy Transition in Indonesia: A Power Sector Restructuring Road Map"

Core Content

This report outlines a strategic roadmap for restructuring Indonesia's power sector to achieve a sustainable and efficient energy transition. It emphasizes the need for a tailored approach that aligns with Indonesia's unique legal, institutional, and economic context, rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all model. The goal is to create a financially and environmentally sustainable power sector that provides reliable and affordable electricity while enhancing government oversight and public participation.

Main Objectives

• Improve the efficiency and performance of the power sector.
• Facilitate the transition to new and renewable energy (NRE).
• Ensure a resilient financial foundation for electricity supply.
• Enhance transparency, accountability, and governance in the sector.
• Align the sector with national energy planning and development goals.

Key Views

• There is no universal model for electric utility restructuring; each country must adapt based on its specific conditions.
• The Independent System Operator (ISO) as Single Buyer model is proposed as the preferred structure for Indonesia.
• This model separates the roles of system planning, resource procurement, and system operations from generation and retail, reducing conflicts of interest.
• A new revenue model is essential to support the financial sustainability of the power sector and to enable more accurate tariff setting and subsidy allocation.

Key Features of the Proposed Structure

• Consumers pay full cost recovery tariffs, but eligible groups receive direct government subsidies.
• All consumer revenues are directed to PLN distribution and regional units, but not to the PLN treasury; instead, they are transferred to the New SB+SO.
• The New SB+SO is responsible for:
  • Planning generation and transmission.
  • Procuring new generation on a competitive basis.
  • Serving as the counterparty in power purchase agreements (PPAs) and system service contracts.
• The New SB+SO will manage the Java-Bali system first, with other major systems (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi) eventually coming under its control.
• The SB+SO will be established as a state-owned enterprise to serve the public interest.

Four Stages of Power Sector Reform

Governance and Regulation

• Better governance and regulation are crucial for the success of the reform.
• Regulatory strengthening will ensure more rigorous oversight of planning, procurement, and operations.
• The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), Ministry of Finance (MOF), and Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (MSOE) play key roles in coordinating the reform.
• A new electricity law is necessary for the full implementation of the ISO as Single Buyer model, though this is not the immediate focus.

Implementation Timeline and Challenges

• It is estimated that 2–3 years are required to implement the Internal Single Buyer model.
• Another 3–4 years are needed for the Ring-Fenced Single Buyer model.
• A total of 7 years may be required to complete the full restructuring, assuming the government formally commits to the reform.
• Challenges include:
  • Building consensus across government agencies.
  • Ensuring legal and regulatory frameworks are updated.
  • Managing the transition of existing PPA terms and conditions.

Next Steps

• PLN has already initiated restructuring efforts under the guidance of the MSOE.
• The government needs to:
  • Strengthen policy and regulatory groundwork.
  • Implement changes to PLN's revenue model.
  • Coordinate with the DPR to pass a new electricity law.
  • Establish the Electricity Market Regulator (BPPTL) and other necessary institutions.

Conclusion

The proposed restructuring aims to transform the Indonesian power sector into a more efficient, transparent, and sustainable system. It is designed to support the energy transition, improve service delivery, and align with national economic development goals. The success of this reform depends on strong government coordination, regulatory support, and the adoption of a new revenue model that reflects the evolving needs of the sector.