国际能源署-印度尼西亚的碳捕获、使用和储存（英）-2023.12-17页_6mb

CCUS in Indonesia

Indonesia's remarkable economic growth over the past 50 years has driven significant increases in energy consumption and emissions. With the country committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2060, CCUS is identified as a vital technology to support decarbonization across various sectors, including industry, electricity generation, and fuel transformation.

Key Insights

• Policy Development: Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) finalized Regulation No.2/2023, establishing the first CCUS framework in Southeast Asia, primarily focused on the oil and gas sector.

• Narrow Scope: The framework is limited to projects involving upstream oil and gas companies. Expanding CCUS beyond this sector requires subsequent regulations addressing storage development outside oil/gas areas, CCUS for non-oil/gas companies, and international cross-border projects.

• Opportunities: CCUS is set to play diverse roles, particularly in cement, steel, ammonia production, power generation, and fuel transformation. Indonesia’s rich storage resources could support regional CO2 transport from countries with limited storage capacity, fostering greater ASEAN cooperation.

Challenges and Recommendations

• Legal and regulatory frameworks: Further regulations are needed to address broader sectors, CO2 monetization, and tailor standards for accurate carbon accounting in cross-border projects.

• Cross-Border Projects: International collaborations, such as with Japan, face regulatory complexities, requiring aligned carbon accounting and adherence to protocols like the London Protocol.

• Energy Transition: CCUS deployment is critical to meet Indonesia’s climate goals, aiming for over 6 Mt CO2 captured annually by 2030 and up to 190 Mt by 2060. This aligns with current projects in refining, power, and storage.

Regional Role

Indonesia is uniquely positioned to support regional decarbonization efforts through CO2 storage hubs, facilitating projects within and beyond ASEAN. Enhancing existing regional platforms like the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APEAC) or the ASEAN Energy Regulators Network (AERN) could drive CCUS infrastructure development.

Conclusion

MEMR 2/2023 is a promising step to spark CCUS deployment, but significant regulatory refinements are required to extend CCUS applications beyond oil and gas toward industrial and clean power solutions. International collaboration and standardized carbon accounting will be essential to realize the full potential of CCUS in Indonesia’s transition to a low-carbon economy.