2023-12-31-亚开行-孟加拉国扩大太阳能灌溉泵规模的路线图（2023-2031年）（英）_128页_23mb

Summary of the Road Map to Scale Up Solar Irrigation Pumps in Bangladesh (2023-2031)

Core Content

This document outlines a strategic roadmap to scale up solar irrigation pump (SIP) systems in Bangladesh from 2023 to 2031. The goal is to enhance agricultural productivity, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and promote sustainable development through the adoption of clean energy technologies.

Main Objectives

• To install up to 45,000 SIP systems with pump ratings from 4 kW to 25 kW, adding 1,000 MWp of solar capacity to the country.
• To replace 300,000 tons of diesel fuel annually, avoiding 900,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e) emissions.
• To serve more than 1.3 million farmers across 400,000 hectares of land.
• To provide a regular income to farmers through surplus electricity export and promote climate resilience and sustainable water and energy management.

Key Benefits of SIP Systems

• Economic benefits: Reduces irrigation costs, provides income through surplus electricity, and supports recovery from the pandemic.
• Environmental benefits: Lowers carbon emissions and reduces dependence on imported diesel fuel.
• Sustainable development: Aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEFN) approach.

Integrated Policy Approach

• A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was used to identify suitable areas for SIP rollout, considering factors like salinity, flood depth, tidal surge, tube well spacing, groundwater storage changes, and crop water requirements.
• 75 upazilas are identified as suitable for surface water irrigation, while 350 upazilas are suitable for groundwater irrigation.
• 145 upazilas are not recommended for groundwater SIPs due to high risks or unsuitable conditions.

Financing and Working Models

• Three main financing-working models are proposed:
  1. Community/agency-based surface water irrigation (used by BADC and BMDA)
  2. Community/agency-based groundwater irrigation (used by BADC, IDCOL, NGOs, and private companies)
  3. Individually owned groundwater irrigation (used by BREB and other utilities)
• A minimum 50% grant is required to incentivize farmers, with 65% suggested by agencies to ensure adoption.
• The government should:
  • Establish mechanisms for loan repayment (e.g., insurance)
  • Revise grid integration guidelines to allow net metering for dual solar-electric systems
  • Regularly update tariffs for surplus electricity and net metering to ensure a reasonable return on investment

Implementation Phases

1. Dissemination Phase (2023–2026): Install 18,000 SIP systems to introduce solar irrigation across suitable upazilas.
2. Market Uptake Phase (2027–2031): Install 27,000 additional SIP systems to stabilize the market and reduce subsidies.
3. Future Expansion (2032–2040): Based on the success of the first phase, the government may accelerate SIP rollouts to 200,000 or 300,000 systems, leveraging lessons learned.

Cost and Funding

• The cost per kW pump ranges from $3,300 to $4,700.
• The total estimated cost of the road map is $1.8 billion, to be funded through:
  • A dedicated public fund (SIP Fund)
  • $800 million in loans and grants from multilateral banks, bilateral partners, and the Green Climate Fund (GCF)

Monitoring and Verification

• A monitoring-reporting-verification mechanism is proposed to ensure the effective implementation of the road map.
• Pre-approval and during-implementation assessments are necessary to evaluate site suitability, system sizing, and environmental impact.

Institutional and Stakeholder Collaboration

• The Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA) is recommended to take a project coordination role.
• Collaboration between ministries and agencies is crucial, including:
  • Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources (MOPEMR)
  • Ministry of Agriculture
  • Ministry of Water Resources
  • Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
  • Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE)
  • Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL)
  • Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
  • Rural Development Academy (RDA)

Recommendations

• Institutional arrangements: Strengthen coordination between agencies and ensure clear regulatory frameworks.
• Financing options: Develop a SIP Fund and secure support from development partners.
• Ownership and gender inclusion: Promote farmer ownership and enhance the role of women in SIP adoption.
• Technical support: Ensure operation and maintenance (O&M) is adequately planned and supported.
• Cost reduction: Implement measures to lower the financial burden on farmers.
• Energy storage: Integrate energy storage solutions for grid-connected systems.
• Grid integration: Allow surplus electricity export and net metering for dual systems to enhance economic viability and grid stability.

Conclusion

The roadmap aims to guide Bangladesh in transitioning from diesel-powered irrigation to solar irrigation pumps, offering economic, environmental, and social benefits. It emphasizes collaboration, policy alignment, and financial incentives to ensure a successful and sustainable rollout of SIP systems. The plan is aligned with national and international climate goals and is supported by ADB and other development partners.