2018-斐济气候脆弱性评价报告（英文版）-7mb

Climate Vulnerability Assessment Summary: Making Fiji Climate Resilient

Core Content

The Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) is a comprehensive report prepared by the Government of the Republic of Fiji, with support from the World Bank Group and GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery), under the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program. The report aims to enhance Fiji's resilience to climate change and natural disasters by identifying key threats, intervention areas, and the need for evidence-based decision-making and robust public financial management.

Main Objectives

The CVA is designed to:

• Inform Fiji's development planning and investment decisions
• Quantify the resources needed to make Fiji climate-proof
• Provide a blueprint for climate and disaster risk management
• Support the integration of climate resilience into national development plans

Key Threats

3.1 Fiji Faces a High and Increasing Level of Disaster Risk

• Past Events: Historical disasters, such as Tropical Cyclone Winston (2016), have demonstrated the high level of risk in the country, causing damages of F$2 billion or 20% of GDP.
• Future Intensity and Frequency: Natural hazards, especially tropical cyclones and floods, are expected to become more intense and frequent due to climate change.
• Asset Risk: High exposure and vulnerability in various sectors, including infrastructure, transport, and housing, increase the risk of damage.
• Impact on Livelihoods: Natural disasters continue to keep people in poverty, especially in vulnerable communities.
• Multi-Sector Actions: Managing disaster risk requires coordinated efforts across multiple sectors to avoid unacceptable impacts on development goals.

3.2 Climate Change Creates Long-Term Threats

• Sea-Level Rise: Coastal settlements and infrastructure are at risk, with potential losses due to flooding and erosion.
• Agriculture and Food Security: Climate change threatens crop yields, livestock, and forestry, which are vital for a significant portion of the population.
• Health Impacts: Climate change is expected to alter health outcomes, particularly through the spread of vector-borne diseases and changes in temperature.
• Tourism Vulnerability: Tourism, a key economic sector, is highly sensitive to climate-related stressors such as extreme weather and environmental degradation.

Key Intervention Areas

4.1 Ensure Serviced Land and Housing in Safe Areas

• Land-Use Planning: Identifying safe areas for future development is critical for urban resilience.
• Residential Land Shortage: Addressing the shortage of serviced land in a resilient and sustainable manner.
• Informal Settlements: Upgrading informal settlements with secure tenure arrangements to reduce exposure to natural hazards.

4.2 Strengthen Infrastructure

• Flood and Coastal Protection: Large investments are needed to mitigate flood and coastal risks.
• Transport Sector: The transport sector has the largest investment needs to build resilience.
• Energy Sector: Enhancing the resilience of the energy sector requires critical investments.
• Water Sector: Investments in water infrastructure are necessary to protect against natural hazards.
• Health and Education: Strengthening existing infrastructure and constructing new, robust facilities in health and education is essential.

4.3 Support Climate-Smart Agriculture and Fisheries

• Agricultural Development: Promoting climate-smart practices in agriculture and fisheries to ensure food security and economic sustainability.
• Environmental Protection: Supporting climate-smart agriculture also helps protect the environment and reduce adaptation costs.

4.4 Conservation Policies

• Ecosystem Protection: Conservation policies can help protect development assets and reduce the costs of adaptation by preserving natural buffers against climate impacts.

4.5 Build Socioeconomic Resilience

• Early Warning Systems: Improving early warning systems and preparedness can save lives and protect assets.
• Social Protection: Strengthening social protection programs and exploring insurance-based solutions to support vulnerable populations.
• Healthcare System: Enhancing the healthcare system is a key development priority.
• Gender and Vulnerable Populations: Targeted interventions for gender and vulnerable groups can complement sectoral efforts.

Foundations for Resilience

5.1 Evidence-Based Decision-Making

• Data Collection: Additional data and analytical work are essential for informed decision-making.
• Asset Management: Improved asset management systems can enhance the efficiency of infrastructure maintenance and reduce costs.

5.2 Public Finance and Investment

• Climate Finance: Access to climate finance is crucial to support adaptation and resilience efforts.
• Private Sector Engagement: Encouraging private sector participation in infrastructure and energy projects.
• International Support: The report emphasizes the need for international support to meet the investment requirements of FJD9.3 billion over the next decade.

Key Messages

1. Fiji is already exposed to large natural risks, and climate change will amplify these, threatening development objectives.
2. Natural hazards such as floods and tropical cyclones have significant impacts on the economy and population.
3. Climate change will have long-term effects on agriculture, health, and tourism, which are vital to Fiji's development.
4. Building resilience requires a coordinated, multi-sectoral approach, supported by evidence-based planning and investment.

Conclusion

The report underscores the urgent need for global action to support climate-vulnerable nations like Fiji. It highlights the importance of integrating climate and disaster resilience into national development plans and emphasizes the role of the Fijian Government and international partners in achieving this goal. The CVA provides a blueprint for action, with specific cost estimates and a comprehensive list of interventions to guide future planning and investment.

Appendices and References

• Appendix 1: Lists priority interventions to strengthen resilience.
• Appendix 2: Lists contributors to the report.
• References: Includes citations of data sources and studies.
• Glossary: Defines key terms and acronyms used in the report.

Supporting Organizations

• World Bank Group
• GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery)
• ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program

This report is a valuable resource for governments and development partners, offering a replicable methodology for assessing climate vulnerability and designing adaptation strategies. It supports the Paris Agreement's goal of helping vulnerable countries build resilience and adapt to climate change.