俄罗斯及乌克兰矿业对欧盟及世界的重要性-39页_7mb

Russia and Ukraine's metal and mineral production are significant but diminishing, with historical roots in the Soviet era. Russia remains a major producer of nickel, palladium, gold, and iron ore, ranking fourth globally in mine value at $69 billion USD in 2021. Ukraine is Europe's top mining country, with iron ore dominating at 77 Mt/year, while Belarus is the world's second-largest potash producer.

The EU faces high import dependency on Russia for metals like vanadium (85% share) and nickel, but alternatives exist, such as South Africa for vanadium and Indonesia for nickel. Short-term war impacts include nickel price spikes and disruptions to Ukrainian iron ore exports, with companies like Ferrexpo affected. Long-term, investments may shift to developing countries, environmental CO2 emissions could rise with alternative production, and Europa's green transition increases demand for metals like nickel, lithium, and cobalt.

War devastation in Ukraine has halted production, affecting key industries like steel and fertilizers. Russia's market share declines due to sanctions and reduced international trade, with oligarchs influencing company ownership. Equipment suppliers like Sweden may lose market share to China, and China benefits from discounted prices.

Key findings: Metals like palladium and nickel are crucial for auto catalysts and batteries; EU is a primary market for Russian exports; production vulnerabilities and supply chain risks are highlighted.

For the complete analysis, refer to the full report.