2012年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Data_Book_on_Financial_Inclusion_2012_180页_1mb

2012 The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion Summary

Core Content

The 2012 The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion provides an overview of financial inclusion across different regions and income groups, focusing on access to and use of formal financial services. It is based on data collected by Gallup, Inc. in 2011 as part of the Global Findex Database, which measures the use of financial products globally and over time.

Main Points

• The book includes country-level indicators for financial inclusion, disaggregated by gender, age, education, income, and urban/rural residence.
• It covers 148 economies and offers data for regional aggregates and income group aggregates.
• The data highlight significant disparities in financial inclusion between high-income and developing economies, as well as among different demographic groups.

Key Information

Global Overview

• Access to formal accounts: About 50.5% of all adults globally have a formal financial account.
• Gender gap: 46.3% of women have an account compared to 54.7% of men.
• Income gap: Adults in the highest income quintile are more than twice as likely to have an account as those in the lowest quintile.
• Rural vs. urban: 58.4% of urban adults have an account, compared to 45.8% of rural adults.
• 2.5 billion adults globally have no formal account, mostly in developing economies.

Regional Tables

• World:

  • All adults: 50.5%
  • Male adults: 54.7%
  • Female adults: 46.3%
  • Young adults: 37.9%
  • Older adults: 54.3%
  • Primary education or less: 40.4%
  • Secondary education or more: 63.4%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 40.7%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 58.3%
  • Rural: 45.8%
  • Urban: 58.4%

• East Asia and Pacific:

  • All adults: 54.9%
  • Male adults: 57.6%
  • Female adults: 52.3%
  • Young adults: 52.1%
  • Older adults: 54.9%
  • Primary education or less: 46.5%
  • Secondary education or more: 71.0%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 39.8%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 65.6%
  • Rural: 49.5%
  • Urban: 70.8%

• Europe and Central Asia:

  • All adults: 44.9%
  • Male adults: 49.9%
  • Female adults: 40.0%
  • Young adults: 31.9%
  • Older adults: 48.4%
  • Primary education or less: 25.6%
  • Secondary education or more: 51.4%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 36.5%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 51.1%
  • Rural: 41.6%
  • Urban: 50.4%

• Latin America and the Caribbean:

  • All adults: 39.2%
  • Male adults: 44.0%
  • Female adults: 34.7%
  • Young adults: 26.0%
  • Older adults: 43.6%
  • Primary education or less: 27.8%
  • Secondary education or more: 46.6%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 25.3%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 49.1%
  • Rural: 33.6%
  • Urban: 44.1%

• Middle East and North Africa:

  • All adults: 17.7%
  • Male adults: 23.1%
  • Female adults: 12.5%
  • Young adults: 12.3%
  • Older adults: 20.3%
  • Primary education or less: 13.1%
  • Secondary education or more: 23.2%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 8.8%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 17.3%
  • Rural: 10.5%
  • Urban: 17.9%

• Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • All adults: 33.0%
  • Male adults: 40.7%
  • Female adults: 25.0%
  • Young adults: 24.7%
  • Older adults: 36.6%
  • Primary education or less: 27.8%
  • Secondary education or more: 54.2%
  • Income quintiles I and II: 25.3%
  • Income quintiles III, IV, and V: 41.0%
  • Rural: 29.5%
  • Urban: 36.6%

Financial Services Use

• Access to formal accounts: 50.5% of all adults globally have access.
• Deposit frequency:
  • 0 deposits: 7.7%
  • 1-2 deposits: 65.4%
  • 3+ deposits: 16.0%
• Withdrawal frequency:
  • 0 withdrawals: 13.9%
  • 1-2 withdrawals: 51.7%
  • 3+ withdrawals: 27.4%
• Main deposit modes:
  • Bank teller: 69.9%
  • ATM: 13.6%
  • Bank agent: 3.1%
• Main withdrawal modes:
  • Bank teller: 47.7%
  • ATM: 43.3%
  • Bank agent: 1.9%
• Debit card ownership: 30.4% of adults globally have a debit card.

Mobile Payments

• Use of mobile phones for payments:
  • Pay bills: 2.0%
  • Send money: 2.2%
  • Receive money: 3.0%

Savings

• Savings in the past year:
  • Saved any money: 35.9%
  • Saved at a formal institution: 22.4%
  • Savings club: 5.3%
  • Future expenses: 24.0%
  • Emergencies: 27.2%

Credit

• Loans in the past year:
  • Formal institution: 9.0%
  • Family/friends: 22.8%
  • Informal private lender: 3.4%
• Outstanding loans:
  • Home purchase: 7.0%
  • Home construction: 5.4%
  • School fees: 5.8%
  • Health/emergencies: 9.7%
  • Funerals/weddings: 1.8%

Insurance

• Health insurance:
  • Personally paid: 17.1%

Data Notes

• Data for this book are from 2011, unless otherwise noted.
• Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
• Italicized figures indicate data for other years or periods.
• ".." indicates missing data.
• "0" or "0.0" indicates zero or small enough to round to zero.
• "$" indicates current U.S. dollars.
• The term "country" refers to any economy with separate social or economic statistics.

Conclusion

This book aims to support policy makers and researchers in understanding and improving financial inclusion by providing detailed and comparable data across regions and income groups. It emphasizes the importance of financial access in promoting economic growth, reducing inequality, and improving livelihoods for disadvantaged groups such as women, youth, and rural communities.