2018年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Data_Book_on_Financial_Inclusion_2018_178页_18mb

2018 The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion Summary

Core Content

The 2018 The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion presents key findings from the Global Findex Database, which tracks financial inclusion across 144 economies. It provides data on access to and use of financial services, including accounts, payments, savings, and credit. The data are collected by Gallup, Inc. and reflect the financial behavior of adults aged 15 and above.

Main Findings

Global Overview

• Account ownership among adults increased to 68.5% in 2017, up from 62.0% in 2014 and 50.6% in 2011.
• Financial institution account ownership rose to 67.1% in 2017, from 61.2% in 2014 and 50.6% in 2011.
• Mobile money account ownership reached 4.4% in 2017, up from 2.1% in 2014.
• Digital payments usage grew to 52.3% in 2017, up from 41.5% in 2014.
• Inactive accounts (no deposits or withdrawals) accounted for 13.4% of adults in 2017.
• Domestic remittances through accounts reached 15.0% in 2017, with 5.8% using cash only.
• Savings in financial institutions increased to 26.7% in 2017, up from 27.3% in 2014.
• Credit usage (borrowing from financial institutions or credit cards) was 22.5% in 2017, compared to 22.3% in 2014.
• Gender gap in account ownership persists, with 65% of women owning an account versus 72% of men.
• Income disparity remains, with account ownership 13 percentage points higher among the wealthiest 60% of adults compared to the poorest 40%.
• Urban-rural divide is significant, with 66% of rural adults owning an account versus 70.6% of urban adults.

Regional Highlights

East Asia and Pacific

• Account ownership: 70.6% (up from 69.1% in 2014 and 55.1% in 2011).
• Financial institution account: 70.3% (up from 68.9% in 2014).
• Mobile money account: 1.3% (up from 0.4% in 2014).
• Digital payments: 58.0% (up from 39.0% in 2014).
• Savings: 30.6% (down from 36.7% in 2014).
• Credit: 21.5% (up from 19.5% in 2014).

Europe and Central Asia

• Account ownership: 65.3% (up from 57.8% in 2014).
• Financial institution account: 65.1% (up from 57.8% in 2014).
• Mobile money account: 3.2% (up from 0.2% in 2014).
• Digital payments: 60.4% (up from 46.1% in 2014).
• Savings: 14.4% (down from 11.0% in 2014).
• Credit: 24.2% (up from 22.3% in 2014).

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Account ownership: 54.4% (up from 51.4% in 2014).
• Financial institution account: 53.5% (up from 51.2% in 2014).
• Mobile money account: 5.3% (up from 1.7% in 2014).
• Digital payments: 45.1% (up from 37.7% in 2014).
• Savings: 12.2% (up from 13.4% in 2014).
• Credit: 20.8% (down from 24.8% in 2014).

Middle East and North Africa

• Account ownership: 43.5% (up from 32.9% in 2011).
• Financial institution account: 43.0% (up from 32.9% in 2011).
• Mobile money account: 5.8% (up from 11.6% in 2014).
• Digital payments: 33.3% (up from 26.9% in 2014).
• Savings: 10.8% (up from 12.7% in 2014).
• Credit: 9.6% (up from 8.6% in 2014).

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Account ownership: 42.6% (up from 34.2% in 2014 and 23.2% in 2011).
• Financial institution account: 32.8% (up from 28.8% in 2014).
• Mobile money account: 20.9% (up from 11.6% in 2014).
• Digital payments: 34.4% (up from 26.9% in 2014).
• Savings: 17.2% (up from 12.7% in 2014).
• Credit: 7.8% (up from 8.6% in 2014).

Key Information

• The Global Findex Database is a critical tool for measuring financial inclusion and tracking progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the World Bank's goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020.
• Digital technology and mobile money have played a major role in increasing financial inclusion, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 21% of adults now have a mobile money account.
• Women and low-income populations still face significant challenges in accessing financial services.
• Urban areas have better access to financial services than rural areas.
• Inactive accounts remain a challenge, with a 13.4% share of adults making no deposits or withdrawals in 2017.
• Digital payments are growing rapidly, with 52.3% of adults globally making or receiving digital payments in the past year.
• Savings and credit usage have stagnated in some regions, indicating the need for more focus on account usage rather than just account ownership.
• Private sector, governments, and development organizations are encouraged to work together to improve financial inclusion and ensure account usage increases.

Conclusion

The 2018 The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion highlights both progress and challenges in expanding access to financial services globally. While account ownership has improved significantly, there is still a need to address gender disparities, income inequality, and urban-rural divides. The role of digital technology and mobile money is crucial, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, where these tools have led to notable increases in financial inclusion. Continued collaboration among stakeholders is essential to ensure that financial services are not only accessible but also actively used to promote shared prosperity.