2017年-世界发展银行全球_Sierra_Leone_Rapid_Damage_and_Loss_Assessment_of_August_14th_2017_Landslides_and_Floods_in_the_Western_Area_118页_10mb

SIERRALEONE: RAPID DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSESSMENT OF AUGUST 14TH, 2017 LANDSLIDES AND FLOODS IN THE WESTERN AREA

Core Content

On August 14, 2017, a massive landslide in the Western Area of Sierra Leone triggered severe flooding, impacting about 6,000 people and resulting in 1,141 deaths or missing persons. The disaster primarily affected the Regent area, with debris flows and floods causing extensive damage across multiple sectors.

Main Points

• Event Overview: The landslide occurred in two stages, with the upper part of the slope collapsing 10 minutes after the lower part. This caused a debris flow that mixed with floodwater, creating a 'tidal wave' of material down the river.
• Impact Area: The disaster affected the Regent, Malama/Kamayama, Juba/Kaningo, and Lumley areas. Flooding in the Culvert and Dwazark neighborhoods impacted 55% of households.
• Infrastructure Damage: The real estate sector suffered the highest economic damage, with 901 buildings affected, including 349 destroyed. Other sectors such as transport, electricity, water and sanitation, health, and education were also significantly impacted.
• Economic Losses: The total estimated economic damage and losses amount to SLL 237.37 billion (USD 31.65 million). The housing sector accounted for the largest share, followed by social protection and health.
• Human Impact: The disaster caused major disruptions in daily life, with many families displaced and forced to seek shelter. The quality of life was severely affected due to loss of assets and infrastructure.
• Response Efforts: The World Bank, in partnership with the Government of Sierra Leone and UN agencies, conducted a rapid damage and loss assessment (DaLA) to estimate damages and guide recovery efforts. Financial support was provided by GFDRR and the European Union.

Key Sectors Affected

1. Real Estate (Housing) and Urban Development

• Context: Urban development in the Western Area is highly vulnerable to landslides and flooding.
• Damage: 349 buildings were destroyed, 263 moderately damaged, and 289 suffered minor damage.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 15.39 million.
• Recovery Needs: Immediate focus on shelter and long-term infrastructure resilience.

2. Transport

• Context: Critical transport infrastructure in the region is prone to damage during disasters.
• Damage: 8 bridges were damaged or destroyed, 5.5 km of feeder roads were affected.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 0.98 million.
• Recovery Needs: Functional review of transport systems, integration of relief culverts to improve drainage.

3. Electricity and Telecommunications

• Context: EDSA and other providers are key to maintaining power supply in the area.
• Damage: Transformers, poles, and cables were damaged in several areas.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 0.27 million.
• Recovery Needs: Reinstatement of power supply, replacement of meters in shelters.

4. Water and Sanitation

• Context: Access to clean water is crucial for public health and sanitation.
• Damage: Piped water network was damaged, reservoirs cracked.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 1.64 million.
• Recovery Needs: Immediate water supply alternatives, testing of wells, functional review of the system.

5. Health

• Context: Health facilities are essential for disaster response and recovery.
• Damage: Six health facilities were affected, requiring relocation.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 4.69 million.
• Recovery Needs: Assessment of facility capacity, relocation planning.

6. Education

• Context: Educational infrastructure is vital for long-term recovery.
• Damage: Schools were affected, with asset damage reported.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 1.22 million.
• Recovery Needs: Repair and reconstruction of educational facilities, assessment of learning continuity.

7. Social Protection

• Context: Social safety nets are crucial for supporting affected populations.
• Damage: No direct damage, but significant impact on livelihoods.
• Losses: Estimated at USD 4.85 million.
• Recovery Needs: Support for affected households, long-term resilience planning.

Cross-Cutting Issues

• Environment: The disaster caused significant forest cover loss and environmental degradation.
• Solid Waste Management: Poor waste disposal exacerbated health risks due to contamination.
• Gender Considerations: Women and children were disproportionately affected, requiring targeted support in recovery.
• Disaster Risk Management (DRM): Strengthening DRM frameworks and tools is essential for future resilience.

Economic Effects and Livelihoods

• Macroeconomic Impact: The disaster had a significant effect on the economy, particularly on productive sectors.
• Commerce and Productivity: Losses in productivity and economic activity were substantial.
• Poverty and Livelihoods: Displacement and asset loss affected the livelihoods of many, especially in lower-income settlements.

Conclusion and Recommendations

• The DaLA report is a living document and may be revised as more data becomes available.
• The report outlines preliminary recommendations for immediate, medium, and long-term recovery.
• The next step is to develop a recovery framework led by the UN and the government to coordinate efforts.
• The assessment highlights the need for improved infrastructure resilience, better disaster preparedness, and community engagement in recovery planning.

Key Figures and Tables

• Figure 1: Topographic elevation of the Western Area and location of the Regent landslide and flooded areas.
• Figure 2: Pre- and post-disaster aerial imagery of the Regent landslide area.
• Figure 3: Distribution of damages and losses by sector.
• Figure 4: Building damage from Regent to Lumley based on field survey data.
• Figure 5: Affected roads, bridges, and pathways by the Regent-Lumley landslide.
• Table 1: Estimated damages and losses per sector.
• Table 2: Short-, medium-, and long-term needs cost per sector.

Acknowledgments

The assessment was conducted in collaboration with the Government of Sierra Leone, UN agencies, and other development partners. Key contributors included local communities, ministries, and technical experts from various organizations. The support of Arup, INTEGEMS, and drone survey teams was instrumental in data collection and mapping.

Methodology and Data Sources

• The DaLA used satellite imagery, field surveys, and data from local authorities and NGOs.
• The assessment focused on quantifying damages and losses across ten sectors and four cross-cutting areas.
• Limitations include the lack of comprehensive data for some sectors, particularly the economic impact due to lack of connectivity.

Final Notes

• The report emphasizes the importance of community engagement and trust in the recovery process.
• It calls for a coordinated, multi-sector approach to disaster recovery and resilience building.