2010年-世界发展银行全球_Damage_Loss_and_Needs_Assessment_Guidance_Notes___Volume_1_Design_and_Execution_of_a_Damage_Loss_and_Needs_Assessment_86页_3mb

Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment Summary

Core Content

The Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment (DaLA) is a globally recognized methodology developed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in the 1970s, and later adopted and refined by the World Bank and other international financial institutions. It is designed to quantify the socio-economic and financial impacts of disasters and to determine the necessary resources for recovery, reconstruction, and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The DaLA guidance notes, particularly Volume I, are aimed at Task Team Leaders (TTLs), providing a structured framework for the design and execution of assessments.

Main Purpose

The primary purpose of the DaLA assessment is to:

• Estimate short-term government interventions needed to initiate recovery.
• Determine financial requirements for full recovery, reconstruction, and DRR.
• Develop a comprehensive recovery program that includes:
  • Activities required for full recovery of social and economic conditions.
  • Reconstruction of destroyed assets.
  • Measures to reduce or manage future disaster risks.
• Provide a calendar of activities with geographical and sectoral priorities, population targets, and preliminary identification of financial sources.

Key Information

Methodology Overview

• The DaLA methodology uses objective, quantitative data to assess disaster impacts, avoiding qualitative and subjective interpretations.
• It is based on the country's system of national accounts, allowing its application across all levels of socioeconomic development.
• The assessment is conducted sector by sector, aggregating data to provide a holistic view of the disaster's effects on the affected society and economy.

Financial Needs

• The assessment identifies the financing formula for recovery, which includes:
  • Domestic government funding and interventions.
  • Private sector contributions and savings.
  • Insurance proceeds.
  • Concessional credit lines from the National Development Bank and private banks.
  • Grants and loans from the international donor community.
  • Fresh or re-oriented loans from financial institutions.
• Both the World Bank and regional development banks often participate in financing such programs.

Key Steps in the Assessment

1. Triggering Mechanism: A formal request from the affected government or international partners (such as the UN or EU) initiates the assessment.
2. Preliminary Contacts: Initial meetings with the government and other stakeholders to define the assessment's scope and objectives.
3. Baseline Data Collection: Gathering demographic, social, economic, and sector-specific baseline data from reliable sources.
4. Existing Reports: Collecting and analyzing any prior assessments or reports on the disaster's impact.
5. Sector Definition: Including all sectors of economic activity, even those that may appear unaffected, due to inter-sectoral dependencies.
6. Team Composition: The assessment team includes professionals from various disciplines, such as architects, engineers, sociologists, economists, and sector-specific experts (e.g., agronomists, epidemiologists).
7. Training and Field Work: Conducting training on the methodology and visiting affected areas to collect detailed data.
8. Estimation and Reporting: Estimating financial needs and presenting findings in standardized formats, leading to the development of a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) report.

Structure of the Guidance Notes

The guidance notes are structured into three volumes:

• Volume I: Guideline for Task Team Leaders (TTLs) in the design and execution of DaLA assessments.
• Volume II: Guidance for sectoral assessment teams on conducting damage and loss assessments.
• Volume III: Focuses on estimating financial needs for recovery and reconstruction.

The current volume provides:

• A framework for planning and executing assessments.
• Templates for Terms of Reference (ToR), survey questionnaires, and sectoral baseline data.
• A training agenda for DaLA methodology.
• Annexes that include:
  • Baseline information requirements.
  • Lists of required specialists.
  • Examples of ToRs.
  • Standard questionnaires and output tables for various sectors.

Key Features and Benefits

• Comprehensive and structured: The methodology ensures that all aspects of disaster impact are analyzed, from physical destruction to changes in economic flows.
• Inclusive: It includes all sectors of the economy, ensuring no area is overlooked.
• Adaptable: The methodology is tailored to country-specific conditions and can be used in conjunction with other international agencies.
• Resilience-focused: Promotes the "Build Back Better" principle, encouraging more resilient recovery and reconstruction efforts.

Conclusion

The DaLA methodology is a critical tool for post-disaster impact assessment and recovery planning. It is designed to support governments in defining short-term interventions and securing international assistance for long-term recovery and risk reduction. The guidance notes, particularly Volume I, provide a detailed framework and tools to ensure the effective and consistent application of DaLA across different countries and contexts.