2018-可持续土地管理的社区途径与农业生态学实践（英文版）-4mb

Summary of Community Approaches to Sustainable Land Management and Agroecology Practices

Core Content

This document outlines the role of community-based approaches in sustainable land management (SLM) and agroecology practices, emphasizing their importance in addressing land degradation, enhancing food security, and promoting environmental sustainability. It is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and highlights the success of the GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP) in supporting local initiatives through funding and technical assistance.

Main Objectives

The SGP supports projects that:

• Maintain or improve agro-ecosystem services to sustain local communities.
• Reduce pressures on natural resources from competing land uses in wider landscapes.
• Promote integrated management of land, water, and biodiversity.
• Empower local communities, particularly women, indigenous peoples, and youth, to take charge of their land and natural resources.

Key Information

Project Examples

• Mongolia: Bio-humus application to improve soil health.
• Gambia: Organic vegetable production and certification.
• Zimbabwe: Resilient and sustainable agricultural practices.
• Cuba: Agroforestry and agritourism for biodiversity protection.
• Tanzania: Reforestation to improve water management.
• Nigeria: Forest rehabilitation and crop sequencing to enhance yields.
• Armenia: Conversion of agricultural waste into sustainable fuel.
• Eritrea: Optimizing tillage for rainwater conservation.
• Barbados: Permaculture for soil management and sustainable agriculture.
• China: Rotational grazing to improve degraded farmland.
• South Africa: Erosion reduction in smallholder farms.

Portfolio Overview

• Between 1995 and 2016, SGP supported 3,800 land degradation projects, with over US$135 million in grant funding and more than US$152 million in co-financing.
• Since 2011, the number of projects and hectares under improved management has increased significantly.
• By 2016, 758,260 hectares of land had been brought under improved management practices.
• 346,123 community members have demonstrated sustainable land and forest management practices.

Regional Focus

• Land degradation projects are predominantly implemented in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and the Pacific.
• These regions are home to many poor and vulnerable communities that rely heavily on agriculture.

Strategic Framework

• The SGP aligns with the UNCCD, UNCBD, and UNFCCC to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) by 2030.
• The LDFA (Land Degradation Focal Area) under SGP focuses on agro-ecological intensification and SLM mechanisms.
• The SGP encourages participatory scenario planning (PSP) and community-based approaches to enhance local capacity and resilience.

Key Themes and Practices

1. Agroecology and Agribusiness

   • Focuses on sustainable farming systems that enhance agrobiodiversity and food security.
   • Includes practices such as organic farming, crop certification, and community-based learning.

2. Sustainable Forest Management

   • Promotes biodiversity conservation, forest rehabilitation, and the integration of forest and agricultural systems.
   • Projects in Tanzania, Nigeria, and Cuba demonstrate successful outcomes in this area.

3. Water and Energy Efficient Technologies

   • Includes permaculture, rainwater conservation, and the use of agricultural waste for sustainable fuel.
   • Projects in Armenia, Eritrea, and Barbados have implemented these technologies effectively.

4. Pasture Rehabilitation and Rangeland Management

   • Aims to restore degraded pastoral lands and reduce erosion.
   • Examples from South Africa and China highlight these practices.

Impact and Outcomes

• The SGP has contributed to the achievement of SDG 15 (Life on Land), particularly target 15.3, which aims for land degradation neutrality.
• Projects have also influenced national and local policies, enhancing the economic and social viability of rural areas.
• The integration of indigenous knowledge with modern techniques has led to adaptive and resilient land management.

Future Directions

• The SGP aims to use community-level projects to demonstrate the benefits of integrated program approaches.
• These projects can serve as real-world laboratories for policy and practice development.
• The program continues to support climate-smart agroecology, which enhances resilience and sustainable development.

Conclusion

The GEF Small Grants Programme has been instrumental in promoting community-led sustainable land management and agroecology across the globe. Through diverse practices, innovative technologies, and collaborative efforts, the SGP has helped improve food security, enhance biodiversity, and reduce poverty in vulnerable communities. The success of these projects demonstrates the potential of local empowerment and integrated environmental management in achieving global sustainability goals.