2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Barbados_2页_83kb

Barbados STEPS Survey Summary (2007)

Overview

The STEPS (Surveillance of Trends and Environmental Exposures for Public Health) survey in Barbados was conducted from July to September 2007 and included Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3. It was a population-based survey targeting adults aged 25 years and older, with a total of 1282 participants and an overall response rate of 65%. The survey aimed to assess chronic disease risk factors by collecting socio-demographic and behavioural data, physical measurements, and biochemical indicators.

Core Content

Step 1: Socio-Demographic and Behavioural Information

• Tobacco Use

  • Percentage who currently smoke tobacco: 8.4% (6.2–10.6) overall, 15.3% for males, and 2.2% for females.
  • Percentage who currently smoke tobacco daily: 6.1% (4.0–8.2) overall, 11.3% for males, and 1.4% for females.
  • Average age started smoking: 21.0 years (16.4–25.5) overall, with males starting slightly earlier at 19.7 years.
  • Percentage smoking manufactured cigarettes: 82.5% (71.7–93.4) overall, with males at 83.3% (71.6–95.1).
  • Mean number of manufactured cigarettes smoked per day: 9.3 (6.5–12.1) overall, 9.2 (6.1–12.2) for males.

• Alcohol Consumption

  • Percentage of abstainers (no alcohol in the last year): 62.2% (55.5–68.8) overall, 49.3% for males, and 73.5% for females.
  • Percentage of current drinkers (drank in the past 30 days): 28.7% (23.7–33.7) overall, 42.1% for males, and 16.9% for females.
  • Percentage who drank alcohol on 4 or more days in the last week: 13.8% (9.0–18.6) overall, 17.8% for males, and 4.4% for females.
  • Percentage of women who had 4 or more drinks on any day in the last week: 9.7% (3.4–16.0).
  • Percentage of men who had 5 or more drinks on any day in the last week: 21.9% (14.8–29.0).

• Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

  • Mean number of days fruit consumed per week: 4.4 (4.2–4.6) overall, 4.1 (3.9–4.4) for males, and 4.6 (4.4–4.9) for females.
  • Mean number of servings of fruit per day: 1.0 (0.9–1.01) overall, 0.9 (0.8–1.0) for males, and 1.0 (0.9–1.1) for females.
  • Mean number of days vegetables consumed per week: 5.0 (4.9–5.2) overall, 5.0 (4.7–5.2) for males, and 5.1 (4.8–5.4) for females.
  • Mean number of servings of vegetables per day: 1.0 (0.9–1.1) overall, 0.9 (0.8–1.0) for males, and 1.0 (0.9–1.0) for females.
  • Percentage who ate less than 5 combined servings of fruits and vegetables per day: 95.4% (93.6–97.7) overall, 96.6% for males, and 94.3% for females.

• Physical Activity

  • Percentage with low levels of activity (<600 MET-minutes/week): 51.3% (46.1–56.5) overall, 42.5% for males, and 59.0% for females.
  • Percentage with high levels of activity (≥3000 MET-minutes/week): 27.2% (22.7–31.8) overall, 36.6% for males, and 19.0% for females.
  • Median time spent in physical activity per day: 25.7 minutes (0.0–137.1) overall, 34.3 minutes (0.0–214.3) for males, and 8.6 minutes (0.0–34.3) for females.
  • Mean time spent in physical activity per day: 107.1 minutes (86.8–127.4) overall, 145.5 minutes (119.8–171.1) for males, and 73.6 minutes (55.4–91.7) for females.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Mean BMI (kg/m²): 27.7 (26.7–28.7) overall, 26.2 (25.2–27.1) for males, and 29.1 (27.6–30.5) for females.
• Percentage overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²): 65.2% (57.8–72.6) overall, 54.6% for males, and 74.3% for females.
• Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²): 28.5% (22.3–34.7) overall, 20.3% for males, and 35.5% for females.
• Average waist circumference: 91.1 cm (88.2–94.1) for males, 92.0 cm (88.4–95.6) for females.
• Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg, excluding those on medication): 120.9 (118.5–123.3) overall, 124.5 (120.3–129) for males, and 117.4 (115–120.0) for females.
• Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mmHg, excluding those on medication): 78.9 (77.0–80.8) overall, 80.6 (77.6–83.5) for males, and 77.4 (75.1–79.6) for females.
• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or on medication): 20.5% (14.4–26.7) overall, 25.9% for males, and 15.3% for females.
• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 160 and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg or on medication): 6.9% (3.6–10.3) overall, 9.7% for males, and 4.3% for females.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Mean fasting blood glucose (mmol/L, excluding those on medication): 5.0 (4.8–5.1) overall, 4.9 (4.7–5.1) for males, and 5.0 (4.7–5.3) for females.
• Percentage with raised fasting blood glucose (plasma venous ≥7.0 mmol/L or capillary whole blood ≥6.1 mmol/L) or on medication or diagnosed with diabetes: 14.9% (10.4–19.5) overall, 12.7% for males, and 16.7% for females.
• Percentage with impaired fasting glycaemia (plasma venous ≥6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L or capillary whole blood ≥5.6 mmol/L and <6.1 mmol/L): 2.1% (0–4.3) overall, 0.2% for males, and 3.6% (0–7.6) for females.
• Mean total blood cholesterol (mmol/L): 4.9 (4.8–5.1) overall, 4.9 (4.7–5.1) for males, and 4.9 (4.7–5.0) for females.
• Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L or ≥200 mg/dl): 35.0% (28.5–41.5) overall, 38.6% for males, and 32.1% for females.
• Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥6.5 mmol/L or ≥250 mg/dl): 5.6% (2.5–8.8) overall, 5.9% for males, and 5.4% for females.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors (Steps 1 and 2)

• Percentage with low risk (none of the risk factors): 0.0% overall, 0.0% for males, and 0.0% for females.
• Percentage with raised risk (at least three of the risk factors):
  • 44.0% (34.7–53.2) overall.
  • 34.5% (22.1–47.0) for males.
  • 52.2% (41.0–63.4) for females.

Key Findings

• A high proportion of adults in Barbados (95.4%) consumed less than 5 combined servings of fruits and vegetables per day.
• Overweight and obesity were prevalent, with 65.2% of adults overall and 74.3% of females being overweight or obese.
• Low physical activity levels were common, with 51.3% of adults overall classified as having low activity.
• Tobacco use was relatively low, with 8.4% of adults currently smoking, but 15.3% of males smoked daily.
• Alcohol consumption varied significantly between sexes, with 21.9% of males drinking 5 or more days per week and 9.7% of females drinking 4 or more days per week.
• Blood pressure levels were elevated, with 20.5% of adults overall having raised BP, and 25.9% of males and 15.3% of females classified as having raised BP.
• Blood glucose and cholesterol levels showed a high prevalence of risk factors, particularly among females for blood glucose and males for cholesterol.

Conclusion

The Barbados STEPS survey highlights significant public health concerns related to chronic disease risk factors such as tobacco use, low fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, and raised BMI and blood pressure. These risk factors are widespread across both sexes, with notable differences in their prevalence between males and females. The survey underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to address these issues and reduce the risk of chronic diseases in the adult population of Barbados.