2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Bhutan_2页_76kb

Bhutan (Thimphu) STEPS Survey 2007 Summary

Introduction:

• Conducted from Aug. 2007 - Sept. 2007 in Bhutan (Thimphu).
• Aims to assess chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 25-74 years.
• Used a multi-stage cluster sampling design.
• Included 2,484 participants.

Study Design (STEPS):

1. Step 1: Collected sociodemographic and behavioral data (tobacco use, alcohol, diet, physical activity).
2. Step 2: Measured physical parameters (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure).
3. Step 3: Assessed biochemical markers (blood glucose, cholesterol levels).

Key Findings by Step:

1. Step 1: Behavioral Risk Factors

   • Tobacco Use:
     • Overall smoking prevalence: 6.8%
     • Daily smoking prevalence: 5.6%
     • Mean age starting smoking: ~20.9 years
     • Use of manufactured cigarettes: 61.2%
   • Alcohol Consumption:
     • Abstention: 63.7%
     • Current drinking: 30.8%
     • Binge drinking prevalence: 11.9% (similar for both sexes)
   • Diet:
     • Fruits: ~3.7 days/week consumed, ~1.2 servings/day
     • Vegetables: ~6.4 days/week consumed, ~3.2 servings/day
     • <5 combined servings/day: ~66.6% (slightly higher among both sexes)
   • Physical Activity:
     • Low activity (<600 MET-min/week): 58.6% (similar across sexes)
     • High activity (≥3000 MET-min/week): 23.7%

2. Step 2: Physical Measurements

   • Mean BMI: ~25.5 kg/m²
     • Prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m²): ~52.4%
     • Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²): ~12.1%
   • Mean waist circumference: ~83.7 cm
   • Blood Pressure:
     • Raised BP (SBP≥140 or DBP≥90, OR on med): 26.0% (Men: 28.3%, Women: 23.2%)
     • High BP (SBP≥160 or DBP≥100, OR on med): 11.6% (Men: 12.2%, Women: 11.0%)

3. Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

   • Mean fasting blood glucose: ~5.9 mmol/L
     • Prevalence of IFG: ~21.6% (similar across sexes)
     • Prevalence of elevated fasting glucose: ~8.2% (similar across sexes)
   • Mean total cholesterol: ~4.8 mmol/L
     • Prevalence of high total cholesterol (≥5.0 mmol/L): ~44.3%
     • Prevalence of very high total cholesterol (≥6.2 mmol/L): ~9.2%

Summary: Higher Prevalence Combined Risk Factors

• The main chronic disease risk factors assessed were: current daily smoking, low fruit/veg intake (<5 servings/day), raised BP (including treatment), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25), and low physical activity.
• A notable proportion of the population had multiple risk factors.
  • Occurrence of 3+ risk factors:
    • < 45 years: ~34.8%
    • 45-74 years: ~46.2%
    • Overall: ~34.8%

Prevalence Avoiding Key Risk Factors

• Only ~6% of the adult population aged 25-74 years avoided all prioritized risk factors (smoking, low activity, inadequate fruit/veg, raised BP, overweight/obesity).