【FAO】世界粮食安全和营养状况2023_316页_11mb

报告摘要

Summary of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023

Core Content

This report, published by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, focuses on the interplay between urbanization, agrifood systems transformation, and healthy diets across the rural-urban continuum. It aims to provide insights into how these factors are shaping global food security and nutrition outcomes, and to offer policy solutions for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger).

Main Themes

Urbanization is a major driver of change in agrifood systems, affecting food production, processing, distribution, and consumption.
The rural-urban continuum is a more accurate lens to understand these changes, as it encompasses all areas from rural to urban, including peri-urban zones.
Food security and nutrition are increasingly influenced by urbanization, with both challenges and opportunities emerging.
Affordability of healthy diets remains a critical issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Key Findings

Global Food Security and Nutrition Status (2022)

Global hunger remained largely unchanged from 2021 to 2022, still above pre-pandemic levels.
An estimated 690–783 million people faced hunger in 2022, representing an increase of 122 million since the pandemic began.
2.4 billion people lacked access to nutritious, safe, and sufficient food throughout the year in 2022.
Child undernutrition remains a significant challenge, with 148 million children stunted, 45 million wasted, and 37 million overweight.
Exclusive breastfeeding showed steady progress, but low birthweight and overweight in children have not improved.

Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet

In 2021, 3.1 billion people could not afford a healthy diet.
The cost of a healthy diet increased globally in 2021 compared to 2019, except in Northern America and Europe.
Low- and middle-income households are most affected by the unaffordability of healthy diets.
Highly processed foods are becoming more common in peri-urban and rural areas, while vegetable and fruit consumption is more uniform across the rural-urban continuum.

Urbanization and Agrifood Systems

Urbanization is transforming agrifood value chains, influencing food supply and demand.
Food insecurity is not limited to rural areas; it is also prevalent in urban and peri-urban areas, especially in low-income and low-food-budget countries.
Rural households in some African countries are increasingly consuming processed foods, even when located far from urban centers.
Staple food consumption is declining in value terms across the rural-urban continuum as income levels fall.
Animal source foods and food away from home are substituting staple foods in urban and peri-urban areas.

Policy and Solutions

Integrated governance mechanisms are essential to address the challenges of urbanization on food security and nutrition.
Public food procurement and multilevel institutional agreements can support inclusive and sustainable agrifood systems.
Technology and innovation play a key role in transforming agrifood systems and improving access to healthy diets.
Case studies from Ethiopia, India, and Peru illustrate successful strategies for improving rural-urban connectivity and food systems governance.

Key Messages

Urbanization is reshaping agrifood systems and affecting access to affordable healthy diets across all areas of the rural-urban continuum.
Food insecurity and malnutrition are not solely rural issues but are also prevalent in urban and peri-urban areas.
The cost of a healthy diet is a major barrier to food security, especially for low-income populations.
Progress on global nutrition targets has been uneven, with some indicators showing improvement and others stagnating or worsening.
A whole-of-systems approach is necessary to address the complex interactions between urbanization, food systems, and nutrition.

Conclusion

The report underscores the need for targeted policies, inclusive governance, and innovative solutions to ensure that healthy diets are accessible across the rural-urban continuum. It highlights the importance of multilevel collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and sustainable urbanization in achieving the 2030 global nutrition and food security targets.

Annexes and Supporting Data

Annex 1A: Statistical tables for Chapter 2, including prevalence of undernourishment and food insecurity.
Annex 1B: Methodological notes for food security and nutrition indicators.
Annex 2: Methodologies used in Chapter 2.
Annex 3: Updated data series on the cost and affordability of a healthy diet (2017–2021).
Annex 4–10: Detailed data and definitions for each chapter, including URCA categories, household survey data, and food group classifications.
Annex 11: Glossary of terms used in the report.

Figures and Boxes

Figures illustrate global and regional trends in hunger, food insecurity, and nutrition indicators.
Boxes provide in-depth analysis on topics such as food deserts and swamps, urban proximity and agricultural intensification, and policy initiatives aimed at improving food systems and nutrition outcomes.

Final Notes

The report is part of the State of the World series and is openly licensed under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license.
It serves as a critical resource for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners working on food security, nutrition, and sustainable development.
The findings are aligned with the New Urban Agenda and contribute to the United Nations Food Systems Summit initiatives, including the Urban Food Systems Coalition and Scaling Up Nutrition Movement.