IRENA-加大对海洋能源技术的投资（英）-2023.3-31页_6mb

ocean energy is a promising source of clean, predictable energy with significant potential for decarbonization， especially in coastal regions and islands. it can complement variable renewables like wind and solar due to its inherent predictability.

key findings include:

major ocean energy technologies include tidal stream, wave, salinity gradient, and ocean thermal energy conversion (otec) potential. estimated global potential deployment by 2050 ranges from 1,200 to 44,000 twh. unit capacity (gwh and mw) varies significantly by technology maturity level (e.g. tidals vs waves).
industrial-scale deployment is crucial for substantial cost reductions. projections show costs are expected to reach ~usd 0.118/kwh by 1 gw deployment and ~usd 0.089/kwh by 2.6 gw deployment for these technologies. however， currently none are cost-competitive on their own with established renewables.
attracting sufficient investment is critical for scaling up. current challenges include high technology risk and cost uncertainty for private investors without market visibility.
financing is needed across technology readiness levels and deployment phases (r&d/prototype， demonstration/pre-commercial， industrial rollout).
investment cycles demand various instruments： grants cover early risky phases， blended finance (grants + debt/equity) supports larger demonstration projects， and targeted revenue support mechanisms are essential for commercial viability at large scale.
clear and consistent policies are needed globally and regionally to provide market certainty and foster the 'blue economy'.

recommendations focus on：
strengthening all phases of r&d and prototype support with innovative mechanisms like stage-gate programmes.
leveraging blended finance and creating dedicated funding pots for ocean energy during demonstration and pre-commercial phases.
implementing ring-fenced, predictable revenue support mechanisms specifically for ocean energy projects (e.g., auctions, feed-in tariffs, contracts for difference, tax credits) to ensure bankability and attract private investment at scale.
streamlining consenting procedures to accelerate deployment.
promoting public-private partnerships to accelerate market uptake and provide crucial feedback loops for technology developers.
irms and countries should act decisively to de-risk the ocean energy sector through enabling policies and targeted public funding.