IRENA-能源转型评估_伊拉克（英）-2025_96页_4mb

Energy Transition Assessment: Iraq

Key Points

• Current Situation: Iraq relies heavily on fossil fuels (98% of energy mix), exposing it to market volatility and environmental degradation.
• Renewable Potential: High solar irradiance levels (up to 1,970 kWh/m²/year) and favorable wind conditions offer significant opportunities for solar and wind power.
• Progress:
  • 1,598 MW of operational renewable capacity (mostly solar).
  • Strategic partnerships with companies like TotalEnergies and Masdar.
  • Ambitious targets: 26% renewable energy by 2030.
• Challenges:
  • Outdated policies, regulatory hurdles, and bureaucratic delays.
  • High energy subsidies distort market dynamics.
  • Grid infrastructure limitations hinder renewable integration.
  • Financial barriers, including limited access to funding and high country risk.
• Recommendations:
  1. Enact a dedicated Renewable Energy Law with clear incentives (e.g., feed-in tariffs, tax exemptions).
  2. Establish a central Renewable Energy Authority to streamline planning and implementation.
  3. Modernize grid infrastructure and expand inter-regional connectivity.
  4. Phase out energy subsidies and adopt market-based pricing to make renewables competitive.
  5. Provide financial incentives for private sector investment, including green bonds and sovereign guarantees.
  6. Promote energy efficiency and industrial electrification to reduce overall energy demand.
  7. Develop green hydrogen and critical mineral supply chains for long-term energy security.

Conclusion

Iraq has the potential to accelerate its energy transition by addressing policy, regulatory, and infrastructural challenges. A coordinated strategy focusing on renewable deployment, grid modernization, and financial incentives can enhance energy security, reduce emissions, and drive economic diversification.