IRENA-加大对西非可再生能源的投资（英）-2023-13页_536kb

Summary of Renewable Energy Investment in West Africa

Background

West Africa faces significant energy challenges, with 47% of its population lacking electricity access and 87% without clean cooking fuels. The region is dominated by Nigeria economically, and institutions like ECOWAS, ECREEE, WAPP, and ERERA promote regional integration. Economic constraints, such as high inflation (e.g., 9.9% in 2022) and budget deficits, hinder investment, while the region's renewable energy potential is substantial but underutilized.

Renewable Energy Potential and Challenges

The region has abundant solar, wind, and hydropower resources (e.g., 1,956 GW solar, 106 GW wind, 162 GW hydropower) that could address energy shortages and support decarbonization. However, challenges include low renewable deployment (6% of capacity as of 2020), high transmission losses (>28%), limited interconnectors, and insufficient implementing regulations for policies. Energy poverty and reliance on fossil fuels persist, with the goal to increase renewable share to 48% by 2030.

Recommendations

1. Enhance Regional Integration: Strengthen cross-border infrastructure partnerships and promote renewable energy trade to leverage resource complementarities.
2. Coordinate Development: Align generation and transmission plans to avoid bottlenecks and streamline permitting processes.
3. Include Decentralized Solutions: Promote mini-grids and off-grid systems for rural access and integrate clean cooking technologies.
4. Adopt Clear Regulatory Frameworks: Establish transparent rules for investment, procurement, and tariffs to attract private capital.
5. Reduce Financing Risks: Implement financial guarantees and currency risk mitigation to lower costs and encourage international investment.
6. Build Local Capacity: Train the workforce, engage communities, and support innovation in renewable technologies to ensure a just energy transition.

This holistic strategy aims to accelerate renewable energy deployment, improve energy access, and support sustainable economic growth in the region.