2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Tonga_2021_country_profile_10页_361kb

Tonga Tobacco Control Profile Summary

Core Content Overview

This document provides an overview of Tonga's implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) MPOWER measures, which are designed to reduce tobacco use and its associated health risks. The MPOWER framework includes six key areas: Monitoring, Smoke-Free Environments, Cessation Programmes, Health Warnings, Mass Media, and Advertising Bans. Additionally, it includes information on tobacco taxation and affordability.

MPOWER Compliance Summary

• Compliance Score for Taxation: 67.3%
• Cigarettes Less Affordable Since 2010: Yes

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

• Date of Signature: 25 September 2003
• Date of Ratification: 8 April 2005

National Tobacco Control Programme (as of 31 December 2020)

• National Government Objectives in Tobacco Control: Yes
• National Agency for Tobacco Control: Yes
• Full-Time Equivalent Staff: 2
• Government Expenditures on Tobacco Control: Not available

Tobacco Use Prevalence

Adults (Survey: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2019; National, ages 15-49)

Adolescents (Survey: Global School-Based Student Health Survey, 2017; National, ages 13-15)

Smoke-Free Environments (2020)

• Healthcare facilities: Yes

• Educational facilities (except universities): Yes

• Government facilities: Yes

• Indoor offices and workplaces: Yes

• Restaurants: Yes

• Cafés, pubs and bars: Yes

• Public transport: Yes

• Universities: No

• Other public places: Not applicable

• Compliance Score: Not available

• Fines for smoking: Yes

• Fines on establishments: Yes

• Fines on smokers: Yes

• Funds for enforcement: No

• Complaint system: No

Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages (2020)

• Mandated Health Warnings: Yes
• Percentage of Principal Display Area: 50%
• Front and Rear Combined: 50%
• Front Only: 50%
• Rear Only: 50%
• Top of Display Area: Yes
• Font Style, Size, and Color: Yes
• Rotating Warnings: Yes
• Language: Yes
• Obscured by Other Markings: No
• Photographs/Graphics: No
• Warning on Each Package: Yes
• Apply to All Products: Yes
• Specific Warnings: Yes (6 approved)
• Fines for Violations: Yes
• Misleading Terms Banned: No
• Figurative Signs Banned: No
• Flavor Descriptors Banned: No
• Quantitative Emission Information Banned: No
• Qualitative Information Mandated: Yes (for cigarettes), No (for other smoked and smokeless tobacco)

Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship Bans (2020)

• Direct Advertising Bans:

  • National TV and Radio: Yes
  • International TV and Radio: No
  • Local Magazines and Newspapers: Yes
  • International Magazines and Newspapers: No
  • Billboards and Outdoor Advertising: Yes
  • Point of Sale Advertising: Yes
  • Internet Advertising: No
  • Other Direct Bans: No

• Indirect Bans:

  • Free Distribution: Yes
  • Promotional Discounts: Yes
  • Non-Tobacco Products with Tobacco Brand Names: Yes
  • Brand Names for Non-Tobacco Products: Yes
  • Tobacco Brands in TV/Films: No
  • Tobacco Products in TV/Films: No
  • Anti-Tobacco Ads Before/After Tobacco Content: No
  • Complete Ban on Sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on Sponsorship Contributions: No
  • Ban on Publicizing Sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR Activities: No
  • Tobacco Companies Publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Other Entities Publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Tobacco Companies Funding Prevention Campaigns: No

Tobacco Taxation and Affordability (as of 31 July 2020)

• Price of Lowest Cost Brand (Tax Inclusive): TOP 19.00

• Price of Premium Brand (Tax Inclusive): TOP 25.00

• Taxes on Most Sold Brand of Cigarettes:

  • Total Taxes (% of Retail Price): 67.33%
  • Specific Excise: 65.22%
  • Ad Valorem Excise: 0.00%
  • VAT/Sales Tax: 1.06%
  • Import Duty: 1.06%
  • Other Taxes: 0.00%

• Affordability:

  • % of GDP per Capita to Buy 100 Packs: 20.21%
  • Cigarettes Less Affordable Since 2018: Yes
  • Cigarettes Less Affordable Since 2010: Yes

Taxes on Other Tobacco Products

• Other Smoked Tobacco (20 grams):

  • Price (Tax Inclusive): TOP 7.00
  • Taxes (% of Retail Price): 70.19%
  • Specific Excise: 57.14%
  • VAT/Sales Tax: 13.04%
  • Import Duty: 0.00%
  • Other Taxes: 0.00%

• Smokeless Tobacco (20 grams):

  • Price (Tax Inclusive): Not available
  • Taxes (% of Retail Price): Not available

• E-Liquids (ENDS/ENNDS):

  • Cheapest Brand (1 ml): TOP 15.38
  • Taxes (% of Retail Price): 13.04%
  • VAT/Sales Tax: 13.04%
  • Specific Excise: 0.00%
  • Import Duty: 0.00%
  • Other Taxes: 0.00%

Earmarking of Tobacco Taxes for Health

• Earmarking Reported: No

Supplementary Tax Information

• Type of Excise Applied: Specific excise
• Uniform Excise Tax: No
• Specific Tax Adjusted for Inflation: No
• Price Dispersion (Cheapest to Premium Brand): 76.00%
• Duty-Free Cigarettes Banned: No

Annual Tax Revenues from Tobacco Products (2019/2020)

• Total Excise (specific and ad valorem): TOP 8,935,036.00
• VAT and Other Sales Taxes: TOP 1,845,210.45
• Import Duties: TOP 3,156,345.39
• All Other Taxes: TOP 0.00
• Total Tax Revenue: TOP 13,936,591.84

Summary of MPOWER Measures (Legend)

• Complete Measure: Smoking not permitted with no exemptions
• Moderate Measure: Partial compliance with some restrictions
• Minimal Measure: Limited or no compliance
• No Policy or Weak Measure: No or weak laws in place
• Not Categorized/No Data: No data available
• YES: Cigarettes Less Affordable: Yes
• NO: Cigarettes Not Less Affordable: No
• ↔: No Trend Change: No trend change in affordability

Key Information

• Tonga has implemented some smoke-free laws but lacks comprehensive coverage, particularly in universities and certain public places.
• Health warnings on tobacco packages are present but do not include photographs or graphics.
• A national anti-tobacco mass media campaign was conducted between 2018 and 2020, with research and evaluation.
• Direct tobacco advertising is banned on national TV, radio, and print, but not on international platforms or the internet.
• Cigarettes are less affordable in Tonga, with the cost increasing relative to GDP per capita since 2010.
• Tobacco taxation is primarily based on specific excise, with a high proportion of the retail price being tax.
• There is no earmarking of tobacco taxes for health purposes.