2025-02-24-世界卫生组织-WHO_s_Operational_Update_on_Health_Emergencies_-_January_2025_17页_2mb

Summary of WHO's Operational Update on Health Emergencies

Core Content

WHO's 2024 operational update highlights its extensive involvement in global health emergencies, including the management of 42 graded emergencies across the world. These emergencies range from acute to protracted, with a focus on providing immediate and long-term health support to vulnerable populations. The report also outlines WHO's 2025 health emergency appeal, requesting $1.5 billion to address the needs of 305 million people affected by health crises globally.

Main Points and Key Information

Global Health Emergency Response in 2024

• Graded Emergencies: As of 15 January 2025, WHO is responding to 42 graded emergencies, including 10 Grade-3, 8 protracted Grade-3, 10 Grade-2, 8 protracted Grade-2, and 3 Grade-1 emergencies.
• Response Scope: WHO responded to 51 graded emergencies in 89 countries across six WHO regions in 2024.
• Public Health Intelligence: In 2024, WHO's Public Health Intelligence system assessed over 1.2 million public health signals, conducted 494 initial risk assessments, and developed 30 in-depth risk assessments.
• Disease Outbreak News: WHO published 47 Disease Outbreak News bulletins and detailed situation reports, including 12 on cholera, 9 on mpox, and 7 on the Sudan conflict.
• GOARN Deployments: In 2024, 67 international technical experts were deployed by GOARN to support 16 emergency operations, including mpox outbreaks, cholera responses, and conflict-related crises.
• Gender Parity: 55% of GOARN deployees were female in 2024.
• OpenWHO: The platform recorded 9.2 million enrolments in 318 online courses, with 63 new courses launched in 2024 and materials available in 75 languages.
• Standby Partners: Provided $3.45 million in in-kind support and deployed 56 surge personnel to 19 WHO offices for 17 graded emergencies.
• Health Cluster: Delivered urgent health care to 106.4 million people in 25 countries, including 57.3 million primary health care consultations and 7565 mobile clinics.
• Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs): 12 new EMTs were classified in 2024, including Senegal as the first in the WHO African Region. A total of 89 EMTs were activated for various emergencies.
• Contingency Fund for Emergencies (CFE): Released $50.09 million to support 27 emergencies, with the largest allocations going to Ethiopia, Sudan, Lebanon, and the dengue outbreak.
• Funding Gaps: Health sector funding in humanitarian responses met only 40% of needs in 2024, leading to critical service cuts and difficult decisions on care access.

Health Inequities and Climate Change

• Health Inequities: Prolonged humanitarian crises have worsened health inequities, with maternal mortality nearly double the global average in affected settings.
• Climate Change Impact: Climate-induced disasters such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves are intensifying disease outbreaks and health inequities. WHO is working to build resilience in health systems to mitigate these effects.

Attacks on Healthcare

• Global Healthcare Attacks: In 2024, WHO recorded 1508 attacks on healthcare in 15 countries and territories, resulting in 886 deaths and 1712 injuries to health workers and patients.

Partnerships and Collaborations

• Regional Collaboration: WHO works with over 900 partners at local, national, and global levels to ensure coordinated and effective health responses.
• Global Health Security: WHO safeguards global health security through rapid, coordinated responses, strengthening health systems and ensuring interventions reach the most vulnerable.

Regional Highlights

WHO Region of the Americas

• PAHO Role: The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) played a key role in health emergency preparedness and response across 35 Member States.
• Challenges: The region faced natural disasters, health inequities, and emerging infectious diseases like dengue and yellow fever.
• Strategic Achievements:
  • Genomic Surveillance: Implemented genomic sequencing protocols in over 20 countries and launched the Regional Genomic Surveillance Strategy.
  • Epidemic Intelligence: Approved a new strategy for epidemic intelligence and early warning, detecting over 2.2 million public health signals.
  • Emergency Readiness: Delivered 38 tonnes of medical supplies to Haiti and supported recovery efforts after Hurricane Beryl.
  • Hospital Resilience: Trained over 18,000 professionals and documented resilience measures in 295 hospitals.
  • Urban Preparedness: Launched an Urban Health Emergency Preparedness Initiative in four cities.
  • EMT Classification: Colombia, Panama, and the Dominican Republic achieved WHO global classification for EMT Type I Fixed teams.

WHO European Region

• Emergencies: The region faced conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and the occupied Palestinian territory, as well as dengue and mpox outbreaks.
• Ukraine Crisis:
  • Medical Supplies: Delivered $44 million in medical emergency supplies.
  • Evacuations: Facilitated over 5000 medical evacuations of Ukrainian patients, with 1462 in 2024.
  • Winterization and Sustainability: Prioritized winterization, energy sustainability, and hospital autonomy.
• Israel/Palestinian Territory Conflict:
  • Medical Evacuations: 710 Palestinian patients were evacuated to 12 Member States of WHO Europe.
  • Mental Health Support: Provided mental health and psychosocial support to over 1000 frontline workers.
• Mpox Response:
  • PHEIC Declaration: Mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 14 August 2024.
  • Clade Ib Cases: Sweden confirmed the first case of mpox clade Ib outside Africa, with sporadic cases reported across the region.
• Dengue Response:
  • Autochthonous Cases: The European Region recorded the highest number of autochthonous dengue cases on record.
  • Surveillance: Established the first surveillance system for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in 30 potentially at-risk countries.

Conclusion

WHO's 2024 operational update underscores the organization's commitment to addressing global health emergencies through robust preparedness, rapid response, and long-term capacity building. The report emphasizes the need for global solidarity and flexible funding to meet the urgent health needs of millions of people affected by conflicts, disease outbreaks, and climate-related disasters. Regional efforts, particularly in the Americas and Europe, have made significant strides in strengthening health systems, improving surveillance, and enhancing emergency response capabilities.