OECD-拥抱创新政府，2018全球趋势（英文）-116页_11mb

Summary of "Embracing Innovation in Government" (Global Trends 2018)

Core Content

This document explores how governments are innovating to address unprecedented global challenges, such as technological disruption, economic inequality, migration, aging populations, and job automation. It highlights three key trends in public sector innovation: Identity, Systems approaches and enablers, and Inclusiveness and vulnerable populations. The OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) and the Mohammed Bin Rashid Centre for Government Innovation (MBRCGI) conducted a global review involving 276 submissions from 58 countries, identifying 10 case studies that exemplify these trends.

Main Trends and Key Points

Trend 1: Identity

Core Content:
Identity is a fundamental requirement for accessing government services and participating in society. Governments are using emerging technologies like biometrics and blockchain to create new identity systems, while also enabling individuals to demonstrate their skills and experiences through digital platforms.

Key Themes:

• Countries are launching new identity programs.
• Biometrics and blockchain offer innovative solutions but raise privacy concerns.
• Open standards and APIs are being used to support identity expression.
• Technology is changing the perception of national and individual identity.

Case Studies:

• Aadhaar - India: The world's largest biometric ID system, with 1.2 billion users. It aims to reduce fraud but has faced privacy and security controversies.
• Be Badges - Belgium: A digital platform that allows individuals to showcase non-formal skills and experiences.
• Australian Trade Mark Search - Australia: An AI and image recognition tool that helps companies create unique trademarks.
• Data Embassy - Estonia: Servers stored in other countries under Estonian jurisdiction to protect data and redefine sovereignty in a digital age.

Key Recommendations:

1. Develop identity solutions that align with national culture.
2. Make trade-offs clear and understandable to the public.
3. Think beyond traditional definitions of identity.
4. Use open standards and APIs to unlock innovation potential.

Trend 2: Systems Approaches and Enablers

Core Content:
Governments are using systems approaches to address complex, cross-cutting problems by viewing the public sector as an interconnected system rather than a collection of isolated functions. These approaches aim to transform government operations and involve all stakeholders in the process.

Key Themes:

• Systems approaches transcend administrative boundaries.
• Problem diagnostics are improving to initiate systems change.
• Trade-offs must be evaluated for systemic effects.
• Innovation is moving from incremental to radical changes.
• Systems approaches are transforming the public sector itself.

Case Studies:

• APEX - Singapore: A whole-of-government platform that enables data sharing and innovation through a central API catalog.
• Predictiv - United Kingdom: An online platform for running behavioral experiments and testing policies through randomized controlled trials.
• Free Agents and GC Talent Cloud - Canada: A project that reimagines public service recruitment by creating a digital talent marketplace for flexible, project-based work.

Key Recommendations:

1. Focus on the problem, not the method.
2. Apply new diagnostic tools to understand challenges.
3. Analyze systemic effects and value trade-offs.
4. Stay open to bottom-up and emergent change.
5. Experiment with transformative change within government.

Trend 3: Inclusiveness and Vulnerable Populations

Core Content:
Governments are innovating to create more inclusive societies, particularly in response to migration, aging populations, and job automation. They are also working to support vulnerable groups through targeted policies and services.

Key Themes:

• Innovation is supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Gender equality remains a challenge, but innovative approaches are helping to narrow the gap.
• Governments must adapt to aging societies.
• Migration presents both challenges and opportunities.
• Systems approaches are aiding the most vulnerable.
• Job automation requires proactive government innovation.

Case Studies:

• Seoul 50+ Policy - Republic of Korea: A policy that integrates social welfare, employment, and lifelong learning to support older workers.
• Financial Inclusion Programme for Migrants - Mexico: Provides financial services and support to repatriating migrants, especially in border areas.
• Asker Welfare Lab - Norway: A citizen-centered model where municipal services and external partners invest jointly in individuals' well-being.

Key Recommendations:

1. Connect with international communities for collective progress.
2. Ensure all members of society are considered in policy-making and service delivery.
3. Begin preparing for the next generation of vulnerable populations.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

• The world is facing unprecedented challenges, including rising inequality, climate change, and automation, which are reshaping the role of government.
• Trust in government is declining, with only 43% of citizens expressing confidence in their national government (as of 2016).
• Governments must move beyond fragmented structures and outdated methods to foster systemic innovation.
• There is a need for better integration of innovation into competency frameworks and dedicated funding.

Conclusion

The document concludes that innovation in government is essential for navigating the complexities of the modern world. It highlights the importance of embracing new technologies, rethinking traditional systems, and fostering inclusiveness. By sharing successful case studies and providing actionable recommendations, the OECD and MBRCGI aim to inspire and support governments in their innovation journeys to better serve their citizens.

Appendices and References

• The report includes appendices, references, and a list of partner organizations.
• It also acknowledges country codes and contributions, emphasizing the collaborative nature of the initiative.

Final Note

This review is published in conjunction with the 2018 World Government Summit, which serves as a global platform for discussing innovative solutions to societal challenges. The partnership between OPSI and the MBRCGI continues to drive forward the global conversation on public sector innovation.