拥抱政府创新：2018全球趋势（英文版）_116页-11mb

Summary of "Embracing Innovation in Government" (Global Trends 2018)

Core Content

The document "Embracing Innovation in Government" outlines the global trends in public sector innovation as identified by the OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) in collaboration with the Mohammed Bin Rashid Centre for Government Innovation (MBRCGI) of the United Arab Emirates. It highlights how governments are innovating to address complex and unprecedented challenges, including technological disruption, global inequality, migration, an aging population, and job automation. The report emphasizes the need for systemic change, inclusiveness, and the redefinition of identity in the digital age.

Key Trends

1. Identity

• Core Content: Identity is a fundamental requirement for accessing government services and participating in society and the economy. Governments are using emerging technologies to redefine how identities are managed and recognized.
• Main Themes:
  • Countries are rolling out new identity programs.
  • Biometrics and blockchain are being used, though they raise privacy concerns.
  • Open standards and APIs are enabling more flexible and inclusive identity systems.
  • Innovation is sparking new discussions about national and individual identity in a borderless world.
• Key Recommendations:
  • Develop identity solutions that align with national culture.
  • Make trade-offs clear and understandable to the public.
  • Think beyond traditional identity concepts.
  • Use open standards and APIs to unlock potential.

2. Systems Approaches and Enablers

• Core Content: Governments are shifting from incremental reforms to systems-based approaches that consider the entire operation of government as an interconnected system.
• Main Themes:
  • Innovators are using systems approaches to tackle complex problems and transcend administrative boundaries.
  • Problem diagnostics are improving, enabling more effective systems change.
  • Trade-offs in innovation must be evaluated.
  • Scale is a key focus, from incremental to radical change.
  • Systems approaches are transforming the public sector itself.
• Key Recommendations:
  • Focus on problems, not methods.
  • Apply new diagnostic tools.
  • Analyze systemic effects and value trade-offs.
  • Stay open to emergent, bottom-up change.
  • Experiment with transformative change within government.

3. Inclusiveness and Vulnerable Populations

• Core Content: Governments are innovating to create more inclusive societies, particularly in response to challenges like migration, aging populations, and economic inequality.
• Main Themes:
  • Governments and organizations are innovating to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • Gender equality remains a challenge, but innovative approaches are helping to narrow the gap.
  • Aging societies require new definitions of work and social participation.
  • Migration brings both opportunities and challenges.
  • Systems approaches are supporting the most vulnerable.
  • Job automation is pushing governments to innovate in workforce development.
• Key Recommendations:
  • Connect with international communities to drive progress.
  • Ensure all members of society are involved in policy-making and service delivery.
  • Prepare for the next generation of vulnerable populations.

Key Case Studies

Aadhaar - India

• Overview: The world's largest biometric identity program, covering 1.2 billion citizens.
• Impact: Enhances access to services but raises privacy and security concerns, with a landmark Supreme Court ruling recognizing privacy as a human right.

Be Badges - Belgium

• Overview: A digital platform that allows individuals to showcase non-formal skills and experiences.
• Impact: Enables better recognition of diverse competencies and supports the labor market by providing a transparent way to validate skills.

Australian Trade Mark Search – Australia

• Overview: An AI and image recognition tool to help companies create unique trademarks.
• Impact: Supports innovation by enabling businesses to build their identity and differentiate in the market.

Data Embassy - Estonia

• Overview: Servers physically located in other countries under Estonian jurisdiction, used to store critical data.
• Impact: Enhances data security and raises questions about sovereignty and national identity in the digital age.

APEX - Singapore

• Overview: A whole-of-government platform that facilitates data sharing through common APIs.
• Impact: Improves interoperability and enables the creation of new services and experiences for citizens.

Predictiv - United Kingdom

• Overview: An online platform for running behavioral experiments and testing new policies.
• Impact: Accelerates policy development by enabling rapid, evidence-based testing of interventions.

Free Agents and GC Talent Cloud - Canada

• Overview: A digital marketplace for public sector talent, offering flexibility and project-based work.
• Impact: Challenges traditional hiring models and supports innovation in workforce management.

Seoul 50+ Policy – Republic of Korea

• Overview: A policy that supports the active participation of citizens aged 50-64 in the workforce and community.
• Impact: Redefines work in an aging society and promotes lifelong learning and social inclusion.

Financial Inclusion Programme for Migrants – Mexico

• Overview: Provides financial services and support to Mexican citizens returning from the U.S.
• Impact: Helps repatriating migrants by offering access to banking and critical information.

Asker Welfare Lab - Norway

• Overview: A citizen-centered welfare initiative where municipal services and external partners collaborate.
• Impact: Treats citizens as co-investors and focuses on outcome-based reporting to improve living standards.

Conclusion

• Governments are increasingly adopting innovative approaches to address global challenges.
• The report highlights three key trends: identity, systems approaches, and inclusiveness for vulnerable populations.
• These trends are supported by case studies from various countries, demonstrating the potential of innovation to improve governance and public services.
• The OECD and MBRCGI aim to inspire and support governments in their innovation journeys by sharing insights, fostering collaboration, and promoting systemic change.
• The future of governance requires a shift from traditional models to more inclusive, adaptive, and technology-driven systems.

Additional Information

• The report was published in conjunction with the 2018 World Government Summit, which brought together over 130 countries and 4000 participants.
• A Call for Innovations received 276 submissions from 58 countries, with 10 selected as case studies.
• The document underscores the importance of building public trust, leveraging technology, and fostering a culture of innovation within governments.