拥抱政府创新_2018全球趋势（英文版）_114页_10mb

Summary of "Embracing Innovation in Government" (Global Trends 2018)

Core Content

This document explores how governments are innovating to address complex global challenges and shape the future of public services. It outlines three key trends in government innovation and provides real-world case studies from various countries, emphasizing the role of technology, systems thinking, and inclusiveness in modern governance.

Main Trends and Key Points

Trend 1: Identity

• Core Content: Identity is a fundamental requirement for individuals and businesses to access government services and participate in society and the economy. Governments are exploring new ways to manage and verify identities using emerging technologies.
• Key Themes:
  • Identity programs are being developed to meet the needs of a digital age.
  • Biometrics and blockchain are being used, but raise privacy concerns.
  • Open standards and APIs can help individuals express their identities.
  • Technology is enabling better decision-making in business identity.
  • Innovation is spurring new discussions around national and individual identity.
• Key Recommendations:
  1. Develop identity solutions that fit with the culture of the country.
  2. Make trade-offs clearly understandable by the population.
  3. Think beyond traditional concepts of identity.
  4. Use open standards and APIs to unlock potential.

Trend 2: Systems Approaches and Enablers

• Core Content: Governments are adopting systems approaches to tackle complex, interconnected challenges by viewing the entire operation as a system rather than isolated components.
• Key Themes:
  • Systems approaches enable cross-cutting transformation and involve all affected actors.
  • They require evaluating trade-offs and staying open to bottom-up change.
  • Experimentation with transformative change inside government is encouraged.
• Key Recommendations:
  1. Focus on a problem, not a method.
  2. Apply new problem diagnostic tools.
  3. Analyse the potential systemic effects and value trade-offs of innovations.
  4. Stay open to emergent, bottom-up change.
  5. Experiment with transformative change inside government.

Trend 3: Inclusiveness and Vulnerable Populations

• Core Content: Governments are innovating to build more inclusive societies and support vulnerable populations in the face of migration, aging populations, job automation, and gender inequality.
• Key Themes:
  • Innovation is being used to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • Gender equality remains an uphill battle, but progress is being made.
  • Ageing societies require new approaches to employment and social welfare.
  • Migration can both solve and create challenges.
  • Systems approaches are supporting the most vulnerable.
  • Governments need to innovate in the face of job automation.
• Key Recommendations:
  1. Connect with international communities to drive united progress.
  2. Ensure all members of society are considered and consulted in policy making and service delivery.
  3. Begin preparing today for supporting the next generation of vulnerable populations.

Case Studies

Aadhaar - India

• The world's largest biometric identity program, covering 1.2 billion citizens.
• Uses fingerprints and iris scans to issue unique ID numbers.
• Has raised privacy and security concerns, including a landmark Supreme Court ruling on privacy as a human right.

Be Badges - Belgium

• A digital platform that allows employers, schools, and others to formally recognize individuals' skills.
• Enables badge-earners to share their credentials with the labor market and others.
• Addresses the gap in recognizing non-formal skills.

Australian Trade Mark Search – Australia

• An AI and image recognition tool to help companies create unique trademarks.
• Aids in building a company's identity and differentiating products in the marketplace.

Data Embassy - Estonia

• Servers physically stored in other countries under Estonian jurisdiction.
• Provides backup for key databases in case of major incidents.
• Represents a shift in thinking about sovereignty and national identity in a digital world.

APEX - Singapore

• A whole-of-government platform that allows data sharing between agencies and private entities.
• Enables innovation through a central API catalog and self-service portal.
• Addresses systems interoperability as a major challenge.

Predictiv - United Kingdom

• An online platform for running behavioral experiments and testing policies.
• Enables randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a large online population.
• Reduces the time needed to test new interventions and makes experimental methods more accessible.

Free Agents and GC Talent Cloud – Canada

• A project to create a digital marketplace for public sector talent.
• Moves away from permanent hiring to a project-based model.
• Includes spin-off projects like Free Agents, which are successful in their own right.

Seoul 50+ Policy – Republic of Korea

• An innovative policy that combines social welfare, employment, and lifelong learning.
• Targets citizens aged 50-64, enabling them to remain active and engaged in society.
• Establishes a comprehensive infrastructure to support this demographic.

Financial Inclusion Programme for Migrants – Mexico

• Provides financial services and information to Mexican citizens returning from the U.S.
• Offers bank accounts and support through strategically located service branches.

Asker Welfare Lab – Norway

• A citizen-centered service delivery model where municipal services and external partners jointly invest in individuals' welfare.
• Treats citizens as co-investors and focuses on outcome-based reporting.
• Emphasizes the principle of "No decision about me shall be taken without me."

Key Challenges and Opportunities

• Global Context: The world is facing unprecedented challenges such as economic inequality, climate change, and job automation.
• Technological Disruption: Emerging technologies are reshaping government operations and services.
• Public Trust: Trust in government is at a historic low, with only 43% of citizens expressing confidence in their national government.
• Need for Innovation: Governments must innovate to address these challenges and ensure a more inclusive and sustainable future.

Conclusion

The document highlights the importance of innovation in government to meet the demands of a rapidly changing world. It outlines three key trends and provides case studies to demonstrate how innovation can lead to better governance and improved public outcomes. The OECD and MBRCGI encourage governments to adopt open, inclusive, and systems-based approaches to innovation, and to build trust with citizens in the process.