2005-12-31-世界卫生组织-2006_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Ethiopia_Addis_Ababa_2页_67kb

Addis Ababa STEPS Survey Summary (2006)

Overview

The STEPS (Surveillance of Trends and Events in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases) survey was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from October to December 2006. It focused on chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 25-64 using a multi-stage (cluster + random) sampling design. The survey involved 4,000 participants, achieving an overall response rate of 98.2%. A repeat survey was planned for 2011 if funding was available.

Core Content

The survey was divided into three steps:

1. Step 1: Collection of socio-demographic and behavioral data.
2. Step 2: Physical measurements such as height, weight, and blood pressure.
3. Step 3: Biochemical measurements, including blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

The summary includes data from Step 1 and Step 2, with Step 3 data being incomplete or not provided in the document.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• Percentage of current daily smokers:

  • Both sexes: 4.6% (4.0 - 5.3)
  • Males: 11.0% (9.5 - 12.5)
  • Females: 0.2% (0.02 - 0.38)

• Average age started smoking:

  • Both sexes: 21.9 years (21.0 - 22.7)
  • Males: 21.9 years (21.0 - 22.7)
  • Females: Not available

• Average years of smoking:

  • Both sexes: 16.8 years (15.2 - 18.4)
  • Males: 16.8 years (15.2 - 18.4)
  • Females: Not available

• Percentage smoking manufactured cigarettes:

  • Both sexes: 100%
  • Males: 100%
  • Females: Not available

• Mean number of manufactured cigarettes smoked per day:

  • Both sexes: 7.7 (7.0 - 8.5)
  • Males: 7.8 (7.0 - 8.6)
  • Females: Not available

Alcohol Consumption

• Percentage of abstainers (no alcohol in the last year):

  • Both sexes: 38.4% (36.9 - 39.9)
  • Males: 31.0% (28.8 - 33.2)
  • Females: 43.5% (41.5 - 45.5)

• Percentage of current drinkers (alcohol in the past 30 days):

  • Both sexes: 45.7% (44.2 - 47.2)
  • Males: 56.9% (54.5 - 59.3)
  • Females: 37.9% (35.9 - 39.9)

• Percentage who drank alcohol on 4 or more days in the last week:

  • Both sexes: 7.1% (5.9 - 8.3)
  • Males: 12.5% (10.4 - 14.6)
  • Females: 1.3% (0.6 - 2.0)

• Percentage of women who had 4 or more drinks on any day in the last week:

  • Females: 2.6% (1.6 - 3.6)

• Percentage of men who had 5 or more drinks on any day in the last week:

  • Males: 18.2% (15.7 - 20.7)

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

• Mean number of days fruit consumed per week:

  • Both sexes: 0.95 days (0.9 - 1.0)
  • Males: 1.1 days (1.0 - 1.2)
  • Females: 0.85 days (0.8 - 0.9)

• Mean number of servings of fruit per day:

  • Both sexes: 1.24 servings (1.2 - 1.3)
  • Males: 1.18 servings (1.17 - 1.23)
  • Females: 1.29 servings (1.25 - 1.33)

• Mean number of days vegetables consumed per week:

  • Both sexes: 1.57 days (1.51 - 1.65)
  • Males: 1.52 days (1.40 - 1.60)
  • Females: 1.6 days (1.5 - 1.7)

• Mean number of servings of vegetables per day:

  • Both sexes: 1.44 servings (1.4 - 1.5)
  • Males: 1.40 servings (1.37 - 1.43)
  • Females: 1.46 servings (1.43 - 1.49)

• Percentage who ate less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day:

  • Both sexes: 98.9%
  • Males: 99.2%
  • Females: 98.7%

Physical Activity

• Percentage with low physical activity (less than 600 MET-minutes/week):

  • Both sexes: 26.0% (24.6 - 27.4)
  • Males: 17.2% (15.4 - 19.0)
  • Females: 32.1% (30.2 - 34.0)

• Percentage with high physical activity (≥3000 MET-minutes/week):

  • Both sexes: 42.1% (40.6 - 43.6)
  • Males: 51.9% (49.5 - 54.3)
  • Females: 35.2% (33.3 - 37.1)

• Median time spent in physical activity per day:

  • Both sexes: 77.1 minutes
  • Males: 102.9 minutes
  • Females: 65.0 minutes

• Mean time spent in physical activity per day:

  • Both sexes: 168.7 minutes (162.4 - 174.9)
  • Males: 212.9 minutes (200.9 - 223.1)
  • Females: 137.7 minutes (130.7 - 144.7)

Physical Measurements

• Mean Body Mass Index (BMI):

  • Both sexes: 23.32 kg/m² (23.19 - 23.45)
  • Males: 22.28 kg/m² (22.11 - 22.45)
  • Females: 24.05 kg/m² (23.86 - 24.24)

• Percentage overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²):

  • Both sexes: 30.6% (29.2 - 32.0)
  • Males: 20.6% (18.6 - 22.6)
  • Females: 37.6% (35.6 - 39.6)

• Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²):

  • Both sexes: 7.1% (6.3 - 7.9)
  • Males: 2.0% (1.3 - 2.7)
  • Females: 10.6% (9.4 - 11.9)

• Average waist circumference:

  • Both sexes: 87.51 cm (87.03 - 87.99)
  • Males: 86.91 cm (86.00 - 87.82)
  • Females: 87.93 cm (87.41 - 88.45)

• Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), excluding those on medication:

  • Both sexes: 126.7 mmHg (126.1 - 127.4)
  • Males: 128.8 mmHg (127.8 - 129.8)
  • Females: 125.3 mmHg (124.4 - 126.2)

• Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), excluding those on medication:

  • Both sexes: 80.0 mmHg (79.6 - 80.4)
  • Males: 80.9 mmHg (80.3 - 81.5)
  • Females: 79.4 mmHg (78.9 - 79.9)

• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90, or on medication):

  • Both sexes: 30.9% (29.5 - 32.3)
  • Males: 32.0% (29.8 - 34.3)
  • Females: 30.2% (28.3 - 32.1)

• Percentage with severe raised BP (SBP ≥ 160 or DBP ≥ 100, or on medication):

  • Both sexes: 14.4% (13.3 - 15.5)
  • Males: 13.3% (11.7 - 14.9)
  • Females: 15.2% (13.8 - 16.7)

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

The survey identified three key risk factors:

1. Current daily smoking
2. Less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
3. Low level of physical activity (<600 MET-minutes/week)

• Percentage with low risk (none of the risk factors):

  • Both sexes: 0.3% (0.13 - 0.47)
  • Males: 0.3% (0.04 - 0.56)
  • Females: 0.3% (0.08 - 0.52)

• Percentage with raised risk (at least three risk factors):

  • Aged 25-44: 17.2% (15.7 - 18.7)
    • Males: 14.8% (12.7 - 17.0)
    • Females: 19.2% (17.0 - 21.4)
  • Aged 45-64: 34.2% (31.9 - 36.5)
    • Males: 32.1% (28.4 - 35.8)
    • Females: 35.4% (32.6 - 38.2)

Contact Information

For additional information, please contact:
Dr. Fikru Tesfaye
Email: ttfikru@yahoo.com
(Note: The data were collected as part of his PhD project.)