2025-01-01-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Chad_2024_country_profile_3页_178kb

Chad's Health and Environment Scorecard Summary:

• Air Pollution: PM2.5 levels exceed WHO guidelines, with 51% of population exposed to air pollution-related deaths from stroke and ischemic heart disease. Only 96% of population use safe cooking methods, but policy compliance is low. Insufficient data limits full assessment.

• Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): Over 50% lack safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene, increasing risks from diarrheal diseases. Urban and rural areas show inadequate personal and HYGIENE needs. WASH coverage in health care facilities is low, affecting basic services.

• Climate Change: Chad relies heavily on traditional biomass and fossil fuels, with high vulnerability to climate impacts like heat deaths. Adaptation plans are insufficient, and commitment to global goals like net zero is limited. Data on emissions is insufficient.

• Biodiversity: Protected areas have decreased by 36% since 1990, missing the 2030 conservation target. National strategy submission is pending, but data indicates biodiversity loss.

• Chemicals: Average blood lead levels in children are high, with insufficient legal limits. Chad is not a party to the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Emergency response for chemical events is underdeveloped.

• Radiation: Estimated deaths from skin cancer and radon exposure are high, with inadequate standards and emergency capacity. Radiation emergency response is insufficient.

• Occupational Health: High informal employment with potential occupational risks, and limited policy instruments for worker safety. Fewer than half have climate assessments or adaptation plans.

• Health Care Facilities: Many lack reliable electricity, water, and sanitation services, hindering health outcomes during climate adaptation and pandemic response. Waste management is inadequate.

Overall, Chad faces significant health risks from environmental factors, with insufficient data in many areas. Improving policies, emissions control, and infrastructure is crucial for progress.