2025-01-01-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Tanzania_2024_country_profile_3页_179kb

Health and Environment Scorecard Summary for Tanzania

Main Issues

• Air Pollution: High levels of PM2.5 (15 μg/m³) exceed WHO guidelines, causing health impacts like stroke and ischemic heart disease. 47% of the population lacks access to clean fuels and energy technologies for cooking.
• Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH): 89% of deaths from diarrheal diseases due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, or poor hygiene. 74% of the population lacks safe sanitation.
• Climate Change: Vulnerable to increasing heat days and fossil fuel use, with high emissions scenarios expecting higher heat-related deaths. Progress on adaptation and low-carbon commitments is partial or data insufficient.
• Biodiversity: Forest area decreased by 116,450 km² from 1990-2020, with insufficient data for target conservation.
• Chemicals and Radiation: Lead exposure and inadequate regulations for mercury, electromagnetic fields, and radon pose risks, with limited or insufficient capacity.
• Occupational Health: High risks in informal employment and healthcare settings, with insufficient data but concerns about worker safety and injuries.
• Healthcare Facilities: Many facilities lack basic services, reliable electricity, environmental sustainability measures, and climate resilience.

Key Findings and Scores

• Air Pollution Policies: Insufficient legal standards and low compliance.
• WASH: Poor sanitation access with high disease burden.
• Climate Change: 84% vulnerability, but under-adaptation plans incomplete.
• Biodiversity Protection: Deforestation and insufficient conservation efforts.
• Chemical Exposure: High lead levels in children and gaps in regulations.
• Radiation: Insufficient data on health impacts and regulations.
• Occupational Health: High risks but partial policy instruments missing.
• Healthcare Infrastructure: Over 50% of facilities deficient in essential services, with chronic energy shortages.

Policy and Data Challenges

• Existence of some national policies but limited implementation and funding.
• Insufficient data in several areas, hindering effective tracking and action plans.
• Opportunities include strengthening legal frameworks, improving monitoring, and enhancing adaptation strategies.