2011年-世界发展银行全球_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_in_Benin___Turning_Finance_into_Services_for_2015_and_Beyond_36页_1mb

Summary of Water Supply and Sanitation in Benin

Core Content

This document outlines the status of water supply and sanitation in Benin, focusing on how finance is being translated into services. It is part of the second round of Country Status Overviews (CSO2) commissioned by the African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) and produced in collaboration with the Government of Benin and other stakeholders. The report evaluates progress, challenges, and proposed priority actions across four subsectors: rural and urban water supply, and rural and urban sanitation and hygiene.

Main Findings

Coverage and Finance Trends

• Water Supply:
  • Access rate was 51% in 2008, expected to reach 73% by 2015 if current trends continue.
  • JMP data shows access increased from 56% to 75% between 1990 and 2008, suggesting Benin is on track to meet or exceed its MDG target of 79% by 2015.
  • Sanitation:
    • Access rate was 37% in 2008 (12% according to JMP).
    • The 2015 target is 69% (government) or 53% (JMP), indicating significant gaps.
    • Rural areas lag behind urban areas in both water supply and sanitation coverage.

Investment Requirements

• Total investment required from 2009 to 2015 is US$1.77 billion, with 77% allocated to sanitation.
• Water supply requires US$57 million/year, while sanitation requires US$196 million/year.
• Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated at US$40 million/year, with US$22 million for water supply and US$18 million for sanitation.
• Current public and household contributions are far below required levels, with a CAPEX deficit of US$187 million for sanitation.

Key Challenges

• Decentralization: Requires improving competencies at both deconcentrated and decentralized levels.
• Professional Management: Ensuring effective operation and maintenance of rural water supply facilities.
• Sanitation Policy and Institutional Framework: Weaknesses in policy and institutional support have hindered progress, especially in rural areas.
• Financing Gaps: Insufficient and declining funding for sanitation, especially in rural regions.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Lack of systematic data collection and monitoring across all subsectors.

Priority Actions

Sectorwide Actions

• Secure employment and train contract employees in DG Water and DHAB.
• Strengthen planning, management, coordination, and monitoring capacities in DHAB and its deconcentrated departments.
• Improve human and financial resources for water, sanitation, and hygiene in communes.
• Continue mobilizing domestic and donor financing, especially for sanitation.
• Direct new financing to the most underserved areas.
• Improve the public expenditure system to enhance the proportion of finance utilized.
• Update access definitions and the DG Water's integrated database.
• Enhance monitoring and evaluation through standardized templates and data collection from communes.

Rural Water Supply

• Focus new finance on the most poorly-covered areas: Ouémé, Atlantique, and Borgou.
• Review recruitment procedures for operators to improve technical and financial performance.
• Provide capacity-building to communes and delegated operators through training and support.

Urban Water Supply

• Increase finance mobilization to meet MDG targets.
• Reduce network losses through rehabilitation and maintenance programs.
• Formalize dialogue between SONEB and DG Water, and between SONEB and communes, for planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

Rural Sanitation and Hygiene

• Increase Ministry of Health and development partner funding for sanitation and direct it to communes.
• Ensure disadvantaged areas are prioritized in resource allocation.
• Assess and improve sanitation promotion strategies.
• Implement a large-scale hygiene and sanitation promotion program led by communes.
• Develop financing mechanisms to stimulate household demand, such as subsidies.
• Create a human resources development plan for DHAB and its divisions.
• Prioritize sanitation in commune planning and consolidate the sanitation BPO.
• Improve coordination among subsector stakeholders.
• Strengthen the legal and regulatory framework for sanitation and hygiene.

Urban Sanitation and Hygiene

• Implement the wastewater management strategy action plan.
• Seek funding from the state and development partners for the sanitation master plan and priority investments.
• Introduce a sewerage surcharge to the water bill to support sustainable financing.
• Develop pit emptying and sludge disposal services in large towns and secondary centers.
• Improve consultation and coordination between all stakeholders.

Conclusion

Benin has made progress in water supply, but sanitation remains a significant challenge. The report highlights the need for sustained financing, improved institutional capacity, and better management practices to ensure the effective translation of financial resources into sustainable water and sanitation services. Priority actions are proposed to address these issues, emphasizing the importance of decentralization, professional management, and stakeholder coordination.