2023-12-31-IEA-印度尼西亚的碳捕获_使用和储存_17页_6mb

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage in Indonesia

Key Points:

• Indonesia's Context: Rapid economic growth, significant energy sector emissions (600 Mt CO₂ in 2021, predominantly from coal power and industry), and a national ambition for net-zero emissions by 2060.
• CCUS Importance: Crucial technology for decarbonizing power generation (especially a young coal fleet), heavy industry (cement and steel), and chemicals/ammonia production, alongside enabling energy security and jobs.
• Pioneering Policy: Indonesia introduced the first CCUS framework in Southeast Asia via MEMR Regulation 2/2023, focusing initially on the oil and gas sector, creating a preliminary enabling environment.
• Opportunities & Current Focus: Significant potential exists in oil and gas (EOR/EGR, dedicated storage), but high priority is given to transitioning to other sectors like cement, steel, power, and ammonia/ammonia-to-hydrogen under pathways like the IEA APS scenario (exceeding 6 Mt/a captured by 2030).
• Regional Potential: Indonesia's significant geological storage potential could support import/export and serve as a regional CCUS hub for Asia, linking projects and regions via collaboration on transport, storage, and harmonized standards.
• Barriers & Future Action Needed: MEMR 2/2023 has limited scope. Deployment requires broader subsequent regulations covering field-based storage areas, non-oil/gas emitters, international project requirements (London Protocol), carbon credit monetization rules, and clearer government roles.

Outlook for Indonesia and the ASEAN Region:

• Indonesia is an early leader and plays a vital regional role in CCUS due to its scale and geological potential.
• Future success depends on:
  • Filling the regulatory framework gaps with comprehensive ministerial regulations.
  • Maximizing opportunities across all major emitting sectors.
  • Developing regional CCUS infrastructure (especially transport and storage hubs).
  • Collaborating regionally for frameworks and projects.
  • Harmonizing international accounting and transport standards.