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Summary of "Towards a Renewable Hydrogen Strategy for Mongolia"

Core Content

This report outlines a renewable hydrogen strategy for Mongolia, focusing on its potential to support the country's low-carbon transition and economic diversification. It highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with developing a hydrogen industry, particularly in the context of Mongolia's current economic model and its reliance on coal and mineral exports.

Main Viewpoints

• Renewable Hydrogen as a Key Technology for Decarbonisation: Renewable hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable energy, is positioned as a critical tool for reducing carbon intensity in hard-to-abate industries such as mining, metallurgy, and chemicals production.
• Economic Opportunities: Mongolia has significant renewable energy potential, especially in solar and wind power, which could enable it to become a competitive exporter of renewable hydrogen.
• Need for Government Leadership: The development of a renewable hydrogen industry requires government leadership and policy support to align with broader low-carbon goals and ensure that the industry is competitive and sustainable.
• Private Sector Interest: The private sector is showing increasing interest in renewable hydrogen projects, particularly in the South Gobi region, due to its high renewable energy potential and proximity to export markets like northern China.
• Systemic Challenges: A low-carbon transition presents systemic challenges, including aligning the interests of various economic actors and policy domains, managing risks, and ensuring sustainable water use.

Key Information

Renewable Energy Potential

• Mongolia has high potential for solar and wind energy, particularly in the South Gobi region.
• The country's renewable energy capacity is currently limited, with plans to expand significantly.
• The cost of renewable hydrogen production is expected to decrease as technology matures, with renewable electricity being the major cost determinant.

Investment and Policy Considerations

• Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is crucial for the development of a renewable hydrogen industry.
• There is a need for clear policy frameworks to support the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies, including carbon pricing, public procurement, and R&D incentives.
• The government must balance support for hydrogen development with investment in other low-carbon sectors to avoid crowding out innovation.

Water Use and Sustainability

• Water is a critical input for hydrogen production, and Mongolia faces water scarcity, particularly in the South Gobi region where most projects are located.
• The geospatial mismatch between water resources and renewable energy generation sites poses a significant challenge.
• Sustainable water sourcing, infrastructure development, and environmental, economic, and social sustainability are essential for the success of the hydrogen industry.

Stakeholder Coordination

• Developing a national hydrogen strategy requires coordination among various stakeholders, including government ministries, the private sector, and international partners.
• A public-private working group has been established to facilitate this coordination, focusing on areas such as innovation, water and hydrogen, infrastructure, and standards.

Strategic Recommendations

• Attracting Investment: The government should create a compelling case for Mongolia as a location for renewable hydrogen projects, addressing investor concerns and enhancing the investment climate.
• Aligning Innovation with Low-Carbon Outcomes: Policies should encourage the adoption of low-carbon technologies and ensure that innovation aligns with global standards.
• Ensuring Sustainable Water Use: A sustainable water framework must be developed to support hydrogen production, taking into account the availability and replenishability of water sources.
• Building a National Vision and Strategy: A national platform should be established to coordinate the development of hydrogen and integrate it with broader low-carbon and economic growth strategies.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of a renewable hydrogen strategy for Mongolia's low-carbon transition and economic diversification. It outlines the need for government leadership, stakeholder coordination, and sustainable practices in investment and technology adoption. The successful development of the hydrogen industry could significantly impact Mongolia's ability to meet its emissions reduction targets and transition to a more sustainable and resilient economic model.