IRENA-蒙古供暖系统的可再生能源解决方案：制定战略性供暖计划（英）-2023.8-104页_11mb

Summary of IRENA's "Renewable Energy Solutions for Heating Systems in Mongolia" (2023)

Key Findings

• Challenge: Mongolia's heating sector relies heavily on coal, contributing to air pollution and hindering climate goals despite abundant renewable resources.
• Opportunity: Solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass offer significant renewable potential for decarbonization.
• Solution: A Strategic Heating Plan (SHP) promotes energy efficiency, renewable integration, and modern district heating systems.

Strategic Heating Plan Approach

The SHP follows four steps: scenario analysis, demand-side mapping, techno-economic assessment, and policy framework development. It emphasizes fourth-generation district heating to enable low-temperature renewable applications.

Case Study Insights (Ulaanbaatar)

• Transition Potential: A 100% renewable scenario could reduce annual CO₂ emissions from 6.5 million tonnes (2020) to 0.5 tonnes (2050).
• Economic Feasibility: Renewable implementation is cost-effective when climate costs and energy efficiency are included.
• Infrastructure Requirements: District heating expansion, pipe upgrades, and energy storage are vital.

Technical & Regulatory Barriers

1. Coal Dependence and limited renewable incentives.
2. Financing Constraints due to heavy fossil fuel subsidies.
3. Institutional Fragmentation in heat system planning and energy policy.
4. Building Efficiency issues in existing stock (low thermal performance).

Recommendations

• Strengthen institutional coordination and develop a National Heating Strategy.
• Expand renewable deployment with clear targets and promote consumer ownership.
• Enhance building energy performance standards and introduce energy efficiency measures.
• Implement heat supply diversification via energy storage and flexible infrastructure.