2024-12-22-世界经济论坛-2024年净零行业跟踪报告（英）_156页_20mb

The Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2024 Edition highlights the progress and challenges for hard-to-abate sectors, including aviation, shipping, trucking, steel, cement, aluminium, primary chemicals, and oil and gas. Between 2019 and 2023, these sectors collectively reduced their emissions by 0.9%, though their average emissions intensity decreased by 4.1%. Sector-specific advancements include improvements in electrification for sectors like steel and chemicals, expansion of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in aviation, and significant cost reductions in battery energy storage for electric vehicles (EVs).

However, the pace of decarbonization is insufficient to meet net-zero emissions by 2050. Key barriers include insufficient investments in low-emission technologies, infrastructure, policies, and collaborative frameworks. Digital tools like AI can improve efficiency and carbon management but require significant energy increases. Each sector requires tailored solutions: aviation and shipping need scalable use of SAF and hydrogen; steel and cement depend on CCUS and circular economy measures, especially for energy-intensive processes; trucking demands battery-electric and hydrogen-powered trucks.

The required investments for 2050 are $30 trillion from eight sectors alone, with capital readiness scores stagnating due to challenges like green premiums and operational gridlock. Policies such as carbon pricing and green hydrogen incentives are emerging but lack cross-regional harmonization to support required collaboration. The tracker emphasizes the need for multistakeholder partnerships to drive progress collectively, with $600 billion required for electrification in oil and gas by 2050. Without faster transformation, meeting net-zero goals is unlikely by 2050.