2011年-世界发展银行全球_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_in_Cameroon___Turning_Finance_into_Services_for_2015_and_Beyond_32页_1mb

Summary of Water Supply and Sanitation in Cameroon

Core Content

This document presents the second round of Country Status Overviews (CSO2) on water supply and sanitation in Cameroon, commissioned by the African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) and developed in collaboration with the Government of Cameroon and other stakeholders. The CSO2 is part of a broader effort to improve the understanding of progress and challenges in achieving water and sanitation targets in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The report focuses on the service delivery pathway, which involves the transformation of finance into actual water and sanitation services. It uses a scorecard to evaluate progress across nine building blocks of the pathway, categorized into enabling conditions, developing services, and sustaining services. The findings highlight the need for more effective coordination, institutional development, and financial planning to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water and sanitation by 2015.

Main Views

• Water Supply Progress:
  Cameroon has made notable progress in water supply, with the proportion of people with access to improved water sources increasing from 50% in 1990 to 74% in 2008. Based on JMP estimates, the country is on track to meet the 2015 MDG target of 75% access. However, this progress is uneven between urban and rural areas, with urban areas benefiting more from funding and infrastructure development.

• Sanitation Lag:
  Sanitation progress has been minimal, with only 3.2 million people gaining access between 1990 and 2008, keeping the overall coverage rate at 47%. The 2015 sanitation target of 74% appears unlikely to be met, as funding is insufficient and governance is fragmented. The sanitation subsector lacks clear targets, strategies, and dedicated institutional structures.

• Funding Trends:
  The CSO2 analysis reveals that funding for water supply is more substantial, especially in urban areas, where development partners (DPs) are expected to contribute significantly. In contrast, rural areas face a funding deficit, with only $10.3 million per year allocated to rural water supply, and $174.9 million per year for sanitation. The investment gap is particularly severe in sanitation, with no financial commitments from DPs or the government for the next few years.

• Operational and Maintenance (O&M) Needs:
  O&M costs are estimated at $18 million per year for water supply and $22 million per year for sanitation. These costs are largely borne by public authorities, with minimal contributions from households, due to limited cost recovery mechanisms.

Key Information

Investment Requirements

Anticipated Funding

Priority Actions

Sectorwide

• Implement the national policy in rural areas.
• Encourage more stakeholders to participate in service delivery.
• Establish a dedicated directorate for the sanitation sector.
• Develop budget planning tools and improve expenditure effectiveness.
• Balance finance between water supply and sanitation subsectors.
• Set up an annual sector review.

Rural Water Supply

• Complete and maintain an inventory of facilities.
• Develop technical capacities, especially for small piped systems.
• Transfer contracting authority to communes.
• Increase staffing levels in the Ministry of Energy and Water (MINÉE).

Urban Water Supply

• Improve financial tracking of investment, recurrent costs, subsidies, and revenue.
• Streamline Camwater's public procurement procedures.

Rural Sanitation and Hygiene

• Create a directorate within MINÉE specifically for sanitation.
• Develop an operational strategy in consultation with stakeholders, including hygiene promotion, subsidy levels, and facility types.

Urban Sanitation and Hygiene

• Ensure legal texts differentiate between wastewater and stormwater management.
• Assign full responsibility for urban sanitation to a specialized directorate.
• Develop strategic plans for sanitation.
• Establish an agreement with the concession lessee to implement the strategic plan.

Conclusion

Despite some progress in water supply, the sanitation subsector remains underdeveloped, with limited funding, fragmented governance, and lack of institutional capacity. The CSO2 highlights the importance of decentralization, stakeholder coordination, and balanced funding allocation to ensure that both subsectors can meet the MDG targets. The scorecard serves as a diagnostic tool to identify bottlenecks and guide reform efforts.