2002-12-31-世界卫生组织-2003_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Indonesia_6页_103kb

Summary of the STEPS Survey in Depok, Indonesia (2003)

Core Information

The STEPS survey in Depok, Indonesia, was conducted from February to March 2003 and focused on chronic disease risk factors among adults aged 25-64 years. It included three stages of data collection:

• Step 1: Socio-demographic and behavioral data (e.g., tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity).
• Step 2: Physical measurements (e.g., BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure).
• Step 3: Biochemical measurements (e.g., blood glucose, total cholesterol).

The survey used a two-stage cluster stratified random sampling method to ensure a representative sample of the adult population. A total of 1806 adults participated, with an overall response rate of 82.09%.

A repeat survey was planned for 2006 if funding was available.

Main Findings

Tobacco Use

• Percentage of current daily smokers:

  • 25-34 years: 18.4% (13.8-23.0)
  • 35-44 years: 18.8% (13.3-24.3)
  • 45-54 years: 18.6% (14.3-22.9)
  • 55-64 years: 17.0% (13.5-20.4)
  • 25-64 years: 18.4% (15.8-20.9)

• Percentage who smoke manufactured cigarettes:

  • 25-64 years: 76.4% (69.7-83.0)
  • Males: 79.9% (72.9-87.0)
  • Females: 45.7% (22.0-69.3)

• Average years of smoking:

  • 25-64 years: 22.1% (20.8-23.4)
  • Males: 22.7% (21.3-24.1)
  • Females: 16.6% (13.3-19.8)

• Average age started smoking:

  • 25-64 years: 18.9% (18.1-19.63)
  • Males: 18.4% (17.6-19.2)
  • Females: 22.9% (20.4-25.4)

Alcohol Consumption

• Percentage of abstainers (did not drink alcohol in the last year):
  • 25-64 years: 96.9% (95.6-98.1)
  • Males: 93.9% (91.6-96.3)
  • Females: 99.8% (99.6-100.1)

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

• Mean daily servings of fruit:

  • 25-64 years: 1.9 (1.8-2.0)
  • Males: 1.8 (1.7-1.9)
  • Females: 1.9 (1.8-2.0)

• Mean daily servings of vegetables:

  • 25-64 years: 1.7 (1.7-1.8)
  • Males: 1.7 (1.6-1.8)
  • Females: 1.7 (1.7-1.8)

• Percentage who ate 5 or more combined servings per day:

  • 25-64 years: 12.8% (11.0-14.6)
  • Males: 11.0% (8.6-13.5)
  • Females: 14.5% (11.9-15.1)

Physical Activity

• Percentage with low levels of activity (<600 MET-minutes/week):

  • 25-64 years: 15.9% (13.3-18.6)
  • Males: 19.5% (14.8-24.1)
  • Females: 12.3% (9.6-15.1)

• Median time spent in physical activity per day:

  • Work-related: 21.4% (12.8-45.0)
  • Transport-related: 25.0% (12.8-37.1)
  • Recreation-related: 23.6% (12.8-34.3)

Physical Measurements

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Mean BMI:

  • 25-64 years: 24.2 (24.0-24.5)
  • Males: 23.6 (23.3-24.0)
  • Females: 24.8 (24.5-25.1)

• Percentage overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25):

  • 25-64 years: 35.2% (32.6-37.8)
  • Males: 30.9% (26.7-35.1)
  • Females: 39.6% (36.3-42.9)

• Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30):

  • 25-64 years: 7.8% (6.4-9.1)
  • Males: 6.3% (4.3-8.3)
  • Females: 9.3% (7.5-11.1)

Blood Pressure (BP)

• Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP):

  • 25-64 years: 120.1 (118.6-121.6)
  • Males: 122.5 (120.1-124.9)
  • Females: 117.6 (115.8-119.4)

• Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP):

  • 25-64 years: 72.8 (71.9-73.6)
  • Males: 73.1 (71.7-74.4)
  • Females: 72.5 (71.5-73.5)

• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90):

  • 25-64 years: 8.6% (7.2-10.0)
  • Males: 9.2% (7.0-11.4)
  • Females: 7.9% (6.3-9.6)

• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 170 and/or DBP ≥ 100):

  • 25-64 years: 3.7% (2.7-4.8)
  • Males: 4.5% (2.7-6.4)
  • Females: 2.9% (1.9-4.0)

Biochemical Measurements

Fasting Blood Glucose

• Mean fasting blood glucose (mmol/L):

  • 25-64 years: 4.9 (4.8-4.9)
  • Males: 4.9 (4.7-5.0)
  • Females: 4.8 (4.7-4.9)

• Percentage with raised blood glucose (≥ 7.0 mmol/L):

  • 25-64 years: 5.3% (4.1-6.4)
  • Males: 5.3% (3.5-7.2)
  • Females: 5.2% (3.7-6.7)

Total Blood Cholesterol

• Mean total blood cholesterol (mmol/L):

  • 25-64 years: 4.7 (4.6-4.8)
  • Males: 4.6 (4.5-4.7)
  • Females: 4.8 (4.7-4.8)

• Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥ 5.2 mmol/L):

  • 25-64 years: 31.3% (28.2-34.3)
  • Males: 28.8% (24.4-32.2)
  • Females: 31.3% (28.2-34.3)

• Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥ 6.5 mmol/L):

  • 25-64 years: 30.2% (27.6-32.8)
  • Males: 5.6% (3.9-7.2)
  • Females: 5.5% (3.9-7.2)

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Risk factors included:

  • Current daily smokers
  • Less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day
  • Low physical activity (<600 MET-minutes/week)
  • Overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25)
  • Raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90)

• Percentage with low risk (none of the risk factors):

  • 25-44 years: 88.6% (86.1-91.1)
  • 45-64 years: 76.6% (74.0-79.2)
  • 25-64 years: 84.5% (82.5-86.4)

• Percentage with raised risk (at least three risk factors):

  • 25-44 years: 11.4% (8.9-13.9)
  • 45-64 years: 23.4% (20.8-25.9)
  • 25-64 years: 15.5% (13.6-17.4)