2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Georgia_2022_country_profile_2页_211kb

Georgia's Health and Environment Scorecard assesses key areas such as air pollution, chemicals, radiation, occupational health, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and climate change. The assessment highlights significant deficiencies in policy implementation, compliance with WHO guidelines, and health impacts, with substantial data gaps noted in several domains.

Air Pollution

• PM 2.5 levels exceed WHO guidelines (27 μg/m3 vs guideline of 5 μg/m3), contributing to high mortality rates from stroke and ischemic heart disease.
• Legal standards exist but are not fully compliant, despite some national policies on household clean fuels.
• Health impacts are severe but mitigating actions are inadequate.

Chemicals

• Limited IHR capacity for chemical events; no binding regulations on lead paint and mercury.
• Poison centers are present, but no national mercury regulations for residential radon or effective control measures.

Radiation

• Low IHR capacity and incidences of radiation-related deaths are reported.
• No regulations for residential radon or safety measures for health workers expose populations to risks.

Occupational Health

• Long working hours (≥55 hours/week) lead to health issues and deaths; occupational safety programs are insufficient.
• Policies exist but are not optimally implemented, with high regional ranking in poor performance.

WASH

• Dehydration and waterborne diseases affect large populations: 45% lack safe drinking water policies, and 66% lack sanitation.
• Compliance with safe WASH standards is low, undermining efforts to improve public health.

Climate Change

• High risks of heat-related deaths under high emissions scenarios are projected, with limited policy strategies.
• Data indicates adequacy issues in adaptation plans, leaving populations vulnerable.

In summary, Georgia faces critical gaps in environmental and health policies, requiring urgent improvements in regulations, monitoring, and resource allocation to address health risks and align with international standards.