2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Romania_2022_country_profile_2页_211kb

报告摘要

Health and Environment Scorecard Summary: Romania

Air Pollution:
- Problem Extent: Exposes 15% of the population to unsafe PM2.5 levels (non-compliant with WHO annual mean 5 μg/m³). Contributes to stroke and ischemic heart disease.
- Health Impact Scale: High (3 out of 3).
- Policies: Existence of legal standards for PM2.5; Existence of national policy on household clean fuels and energy technologies (cooking specifically noted). Compliance with 0/15% of this category.
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH):
- Problem Extent: 40% of deaths from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water/SAN/ hygiene. 16% population without safe sanitation. 18% population without safe drinking water. Exceeds global estimates.
- Health Impact Scale: High (40%).
- Policies: 40% compliance with implementation plans (overall).
- Comparison to Trend: Slightly better than WHO average (+60%).
Chemicals:
- Problem Extent: 40% implementation share for chemical events. Data for poison centres and mercury controls noted (NO DATA/Rankings incomplete here).
- Health Impact Scale: Low/Limitations (0% + 60%).
- Policies: Enforcement varies; party to Minamata Convention.
- Ranking: 47th out of 50 countries in the European region.
Radiation:
- Health Impact Scale: Low/Limitations (0-40% for emergencies, 0 unspecified for technology).
- Policies: Compliance limited for emergencies (0-60%).
- Ranking: No specific country ranking provided in extract.
Occupational Health:
- Problem Extent: High rate of work-related disease/injury deaths (26/100,000) and informal employment (40% of workforce). Exposure to long working hours (0%).
- Health Impact Scale: High/Consequences (40+%) Likely High for risks.
- Policies: Low implementation for programmes (1-9%); Average ranking/implementation for safety conventions frameworks/services.
Climate Change:
- Problem Extent / Health Impact: High projected heat days (based on high emissions scenario); data limited.
- Policies: Plan/Sector Strategy exists but scenarios incomplete.
Electromagnetic Fields:
- Policies: Existence of standards (NO DATA), but existence/implementation of regulations noted (NO DATA/Ranking 30th per extraction). Not fully captured here.
Radon (Specific Chemical/Environmental Contaminant):
- Problem Extent: National radon assessments exist (NO DATA on population health impact); data on radon regulations and controls vary (NO DATA/Rankings 1st-14th per different extraction points).