2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Paraguay_2022_country_profile_2页_180kb

Health and Environment Scorecard Summary: Paraguay

Overall Findings

Paraguay faces significant health and environmental challenges, with data indicating poor performance in several key areas such as air pollution, water, sanitation, and climate change. Many regions lack compliance with international guidelines, and some metrics show no data or inadequate policies. Occupational health and chemical regulation have partial improvements but remain concerning.

Air Pollution

• PM2.5 levels exceed WHO guidelines (12 μg/m³ vs. 5 μg/m³ annual mean), leading to 32% of the population exposed to high levels.
• Air pollution contributes to 22% of deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke.
• Paraguay is compliant with WHO air quality guidelines but lacks strong policies to reduce exposure and deaths directly attributed to air pollution sources.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

• 40% of the population lacks access to safe drinking water, with less than 50% of the target for improvement met.
• 38% lack safe sanitation facilities, similarly falling short of required targets.
• No data indicates operationalization of safely managed water and sanitation services for diarrhea prevention.

Chemicals and Radiation

• Chemical incidents cause high mortality: 5 deaths per 100,000 from poisonings, with low IHR capacity (regional ranking 25th out of 33 in the Americas).
• Paraguay is party to the Minamata Convention on Mercury but faces challenges in limiting lead paint.
• Radiation emergencies have no IHR capacity data; however, regulations exist for electromagnetic fields and sunbeds, but no data on radon regulations or deaths from exposure.

Climate Change

• No national health and climate change strategy, leaving populations vulnerable.
• High emissions scenario predicts numerous heat days (top 10% of warmest days) with increased mortality risks compared to historical periods, but no national adaptation plans.

Occupational Health

• High occupational risks: 16 deaths per 100,000 from diseases and injuries, with low implementation of safety programs.
• Long working hours (mean 55+ hours/week) contribute to health impacts.
• Low ratification of key ILO conventions (C155, C161, C187) and poor safety frameworks, ranking 23rd and 28th regionally for protective measures.